Exam 16: Collective Behavior, Social Movements, and Social Change.

Not all collective behavior takes place in face-to-face collectivities. __________ behavior is collective behavior that takes place when people (who often are geographically separated from one another) respond to the same event in much the same way.

Radical terrorists who use fear tactics to intimidate those with whom they disagree ideologically is an example of __________ movements.

In the __________ stage of a social movement, an organizational structure develops, and a paid staff (rather than volunteers) begins to lead the group.

Unlike __________ behavior (for example, in education, religion, or politics), collective behavior lacks established norms to govern behavior.

Some religious movements are __________, that is, they forecast that "the end is near" and assert that an immediate change in behavior is imperative.

Examples of a(n) __________ include celebrations after sports victories such as those that occurred in St. Louis after the Cardinals defeated the Detroit Tigers in the 2006 Baseball World Series.

__________ reflects the influence of sociologist Erving Goffman's "Frame Analysis," in which he suggests that our interpretation of the particulars of events and activities is dependent on the framework from which we perceive them.

For a movement to develop there must be a clear statement of the problem and a shared view of its causes, effects, and possible solutions. This illustrates sociologist Neal Smelser's value-added theory condition of __________.

__________ movements seek to prevent change or to undo change that has already occurred.

Worshipers at religious revival services and revelers assembled on New Year's Eve at Times Square in New York are both participating in a(n) __________ crowd.

Sociologists Clark McPhail and Ronald Wohlstein added __________ crowds to the four types of crowds identified by Blumer. These types of crowds engage in activities intended to achieve specific political goals.

Discuss China in regards to its environmental issues.

Examples of __________ crowds include sit-ins, marches, boycotts, blockades, and strikes.

Describe the resource mobilization theory.

Discuss the dynamics of collective behavior.

__________ crowds are relatively large gatherings of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time; if they interact at all, it is only briefly.

Summarize the different types and stages of social movements.

It has been found that people respond similarly to both natural disasters and those caused by technological failure.

The terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C., on September 11, 2001, are examples of __________ movements.

__________ theory emphasizes the importance of social norms in shaping crowd behavior.