Question 1

The probability of committing a Type I error is the same as the alpha level of a study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Stephanie is designing an experiment to investigate the effect of listening to calming music on positive emotions. Even though the usual alpha level is 0.05, Stephanie feels that she wants to adopt more stringent criteria for her study, so she chooses an alpha level of 0.01. This strategy reduces the probability of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I error 
B)  Type II error 
C)  Standard error 
D)  p-value error 
A)  Type I error 
B)  Type II error 
C)  Standard error 
D)  p-value error

Question 3

Stem-and-leaf plots are most suited for displaying data sets that are ___________ while histograms can display data sets that are ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  large; small 
B)  small; large 
C)  on an interval scale; on an ordinal scale 
D)  on an ordinal scale; on an interval scale 
A)  large; small 
B)  small; large 
C)  on an interval scale; on an ordinal scale 
D)  on an ordinal scale; on an interval scale

Question 4

In Alison's study, the Pearson's r of participants' caffeine consumption (milligrams) and their reaction time (milliseconds) on a computer task is -0.22. This means that…

Accepted Answer

A)  participants exhibited decreased reaction time with a higher consumption of caffeine. 
B)  participants exhibited increased reaction time with a higher consumption of caffeine. 
C)  participants had a mean reaction time of 0.22ms in the condition with low caffeine consumption. 
D)  participants had a mean reaction time of 0.22ms in the condition with high caffeine consumption 
A)  participants exhibited decreased reaction time with a higher consumption of caffeine. 
B)  participants exhibited increased reaction time with a higher consumption of caffeine. 
C)  participants had a mean reaction time of 0.22ms in the condition with low caffeine consumption. 
D)  participants had a mean reaction time of 0.22ms in the condition with high caffeine consumption

Question 5

The plot below describes the relationship between the time spent in hours watching television per week (y-axis) and the time it takes to run half a mile in minutes (x-axis) in a sample of individuals.
   Does the graph illustrate a univariate or bivariate display? What does the graph tell you about the relationship between the two variables?

Accepted Answer

Bivariate; there appears to be

Question 6

Which of the following groups of data can you compute a confidence interval for?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interval, ratio, nominal 
B)  Interval, ratio, ordinal 
C)  Ordinal, ratio, categorical 
D)  Ordinal, interval, nominal 
A)  Interval, ratio, nominal 
B)  Interval, ratio, ordinal 
C)  Ordinal, ratio, categorical 
D)  Ordinal, interval, nominal

Question 7

Which of the following is true when thinking about statistical significance and effect sizes?

Accepted Answer

A)  A statistically significant effect will always have a meaningful effect size. 
B)  A statistically significant effect will usually have a large effect size. 
C)  A large effect size is will always be statistically significant. 
D)  A statistically non-significant effect can have a large effect size. 
A)  A statistically significant effect will always have a meaningful effect size. 
B)  A statistically significant effect will usually have a large effect size. 
C)  A large effect size is will always be statistically significant. 
D)  A statistically non-significant effect can have a large effect size.

Question 8

Which of the following is a valid reason for focusing on effect size instead of p values when analyzing your results?

Accepted Answer

A)  Effect sizes are more likely to provide you with a statistically significant result than a p value. 
B)  Effect sizes are immune to flaws in a study's design. 
C)  Effect sizes are not dependent on the sample size of your data in the way that a p value is. 
D)  Effect sizes tell you the probability of a result more directly than a p value. 
A)  Effect sizes are more likely to provide you with a statistically significant result than a p value. 
B)  Effect sizes are immune to flaws in a study's design. 
C)  Effect sizes are not dependent on the sample size of your data in the way that a p value is. 
D)  Effect sizes tell you the probability of a result more directly than a p value.

Question 9

The data below are from Jason's study measuring how much college students use social media per week (in hours):
0; 0; 3; 3; 7; 7; 7; 11; 12; 15; 15; 18; 21; 23; 23; 28; 30; 31; 31; 35
Display the data in a stem-and-leaf plot and a histogram. List an advantage and disadvantage of using a stem-and-leaf plot.

Accepted Answer

Advantage (any one): Stem-and-leaf plots

Question 10

State two criticisms of null hypothesis significance testing and a solution to each of the criticisms.

Accepted Answer

Any two:
Some researchers misinterpret s

Question 11

Define a confidence interval. Describe the relationship between the width of a confidence interval and sample size, and the relationship between p values and sample size.

Accepted Answer

A confidence interval is a range of valu

Question 12

Which of the following is true about confidence intervals?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 95% confidence interval is the same as a p value of .05. 
B)  The size of a confidence interval does not depend on sample size but depends instead on effect size. 
C)  A confidence interval can be easily calculated and represented on a graphical display. 
D)  The upper and lower bounds of a confidence interval are always of the same magnitude. 
A)  A 95% confidence interval is the same as a p value of .05. 
B)  The size of a confidence interval does not depend on sample size but depends instead on effect size. 
C)  A confidence interval can be easily calculated and represented on a graphical display. 
D)  The upper and lower bounds of a confidence interval are always of the same magnitude.

Question 13

What is meant for data to be normally distributed?

Accepted Answer

A)  It means that the standard deviation is 1.96. 
B)  It means that the mean, median and mode are the same value. 
C)  It means that the mean and the mode are the same value, but not necessarily the median. 
D)  It means that 90% of the values fall within one standard deviation of the mean. 
A)  It means that the standard deviation is 1.96. 
B)  It means that the mean, median and mode are the same value. 
C)  It means that the mean and the mode are the same value, but not necessarily the median. 
D)  It means that 90% of the values fall within one standard deviation of the mean.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about Type II error of a test?

Accepted Answer

A)  The probability of a Type II error is not within the control of the researcher. 
B)  Type II error is the summation of Type I error and statistical power. 
C)  Type II error is a conditional probability. 
D)  The probability of a Type II error is same as the alpha level of a test. 
A)  The probability of a Type II error is not within the control of the researcher. 
B)  Type II error is the summation of Type I error and statistical power. 
C)  Type II error is a conditional probability. 
D)  The probability of a Type II error is same as the alpha level of a test.

Question 15

Sampling distributions of means will always tend towards a normal distribution with increasing sample size, even if the distribution of the underlying population is bimodal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What is a guaranteed outcome of increasing your sample size?

Accepted Answer

A)  Larger effect sizes and larger p-values 
B)  Smaller p-values and larger standard errors 
C)  Smaller p-values and smaller standard errors 
D)  Larger effect sizes and smaller standard errors 
A)  Larger effect sizes and larger p-values 
B)  Smaller p-values and larger standard errors 
C)  Smaller p-values and smaller standard errors 
D)  Larger effect sizes and smaller standard errors

Question 17

For sampling distributions, a larger sample size gives a more precise estimate of the mean.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following information can you get from inferential statistics that you cannot obtain from descriptive statistics?

Accepted Answer

A)  How much the data differs from an expected value. 
B)  Whether the data values are skewed. 
C)  The direction of association between two variables. 
D)  The average value of the data 
A)  How much the data differs from an expected value. 
B)  Whether the data values are skewed. 
C)  The direction of association between two variables. 
D)  The average value of the data

Question 19

The mode is the most common value in a data set. It is a measure of:

Accepted Answer

A)  range. 
B)  kurtosis. 
C)  central tendency. 
D)  correlation. 
A)  range. 
B)  kurtosis. 
C)  central tendency. 
D)  correlation.

Question 20

Which of the following cannot properly display data on interval scales?

Accepted Answer

A)  Histograms 
B)  Stem-and-leaf plots 
C)  Scatterplots 
D)  Contingency tables 
A)  Histograms 
B)  Stem-and-leaf plots 
C)  Scatterplots 
D)  Contingency tables

The probability of committing a Type I error is the same as the alpha level of a study.

Stem-and-leaf plots are most suited for displaying data sets that are _ while histograms can display data sets that are ______.

In Alison's study, the Pearson's r of participants' caffeine consumption (milligrams) and their reaction time (milliseconds) on a computer task is -0.22. This means that…

Which of the following groups of data can you compute a confidence interval for?

Which of the following is true when thinking about statistical significance and effect sizes?

Which of the following is a valid reason for focusing on effect size instead of p values when analyzing your results?

State two criticisms of null hypothesis significance testing and a solution to each of the criticisms.

Define a confidence interval. Describe the relationship between the width of a confidence interval and sample size, and the relationship between p values and sample size.

Which of the following is true about confidence intervals?

What is meant for data to be normally distributed?

Which of the following is true about Type II error of a test?

Sampling distributions of means will always tend towards a normal distribution with increasing sample size, even if the distribution of the underlying population is bimodal.

What is a guaranteed outcome of increasing your sample size?

For sampling distributions, a larger sample size gives a more precise estimate of the mean.

Which of the following information can you get from inferential statistics that you cannot obtain from descriptive statistics?

The mode is the most common value in a data set. It is a measure of:

Which of the following cannot properly display data on interval scales?

Introduction to Research Methods

The Ethical Imperative

Negotiating the Institutional Review Board Process

Starting Your Research

Focusing Your Question and Choosing a Design

Developing Your Research Protocol

Survey and Interview Approaches

Experimental Designs

Variations on Experimental Designs

Observation, Case Studies, Archival Research, and Meta-Analysis

Neuroscience Methods

Research Over Age and Time

Analyzing Your Data II: Specific Approaches

Writing up Your Results

Publishing Your Research

Filters

Exam 13: Analyzing Your Data I: an Overview

The probability of committing a Type I error is the same as the alpha level of a study.

Stem-and-leaf plots are most suited for displaying data sets that are ___________ while histograms can display data sets that are ________________.

In Alison's study, the Pearson's r of participants' caffeine consumption (milligrams) and their reaction time (milliseconds) on a computer task is -0.22. This means that…

Which of the following groups of data can you compute a confidence interval for?

Which of the following is true when thinking about statistical significance and effect sizes?

Which of the following is a valid reason for focusing on effect size instead of p values when analyzing your results?

State two criticisms of null hypothesis significance testing and a solution to each of the criticisms.

Define a confidence interval. Describe the relationship between the width of a confidence interval and sample size, and the relationship between p values and sample size.

Which of the following is true about confidence intervals?

What is meant for data to be normally distributed?

Which of the following is true about Type II error of a test?

Sampling distributions of means will always tend towards a normal distribution with increasing sample size, even if the distribution of the underlying population is bimodal.

What is a guaranteed outcome of increasing your sample size?

For sampling distributions, a larger sample size gives a more precise estimate of the mean.

Which of the following information can you get from inferential statistics that you cannot obtain from descriptive statistics?

The mode is the most common value in a data set. It is a measure of:

Which of the following cannot properly display data on interval scales?

Introduction to Research Methods

The Ethical Imperative

Negotiating the Institutional Review Board Process

Starting Your Research

Focusing Your Question and Choosing a Design

Developing Your Research Protocol

Survey and Interview Approaches

Experimental Designs

Variations on Experimental Designs

Observation, Case Studies, Archival Research, and Meta-Analysis

Neuroscience Methods

Research Over Age and Time

Analyzing Your Data II: Specific Approaches

Writing up Your Results

Publishing Your Research

Filters

Stem-and-leaf plots are most suited for displaying data sets that are _ while histograms can display data sets that are ______.