Exam 18: Developing a Research Proposal and Conducting Research in Practice

Graduate-level training for counselors has, for the most part, focused on the ______.

A study that exerts a high amount of experimental control will most likely depart from a ______.

Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, and Walker (2014) concluded that a review of the literature is not an exploration in discovering new research, but uncovering what has been already done and what is currently known in a particular area of research.

Wiersma and Jurs (2005) encouraged choosing a research problem that is more philosophical or abstract, which makes it easier to research.

Heiman (1995) suggested four considerations in designing a study. Please list these.

The type of instrument or operationalization of the dependent variable will depend to some degree on the research design used, quantitative or qualitative. For quantitative research methods, in which numbers of quantification are important, you will want to consider what issues?

Reliability ______.

Provide an example of a hypothesis.

Validity ______.

Educators assume that training their students to be practitioner-scientists is appropriate, whereas practitioners would rather focus on becoming scientist-practitioners.

There are several important sources to consult when attempting to identify an appropriate test. Name two of these and where would you locate these resources.

Discuss the importance of an academic research training environment.

There are fewer steps in developing a research proposal than are found in an article published in a professional journal.

Objectivity refers to ______.

Give an example of a professional participating in formal research.

Involvement in research may be limited to publications in professional journals.

Step 2 of developing a proposal is to determine what currently exists in this area in the research literature. What should be noted in this step and what is the benefit of this step?

The use of normative comparisons allow for ______.

Provide an example of a null hypothesis.

If you are studying the effects of gender on learning math, you cannot randomly assign subjects or participants to groups--you cannot randomly assign someone to a particular gender; therefore, you must choose a design that takes into consideration this restriction. What type of design(s) would you use?