Question 1

If a particular treatment is used, a step-by-step description is provided in the procedures section.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Possible physical and/or psychological changes that occur in the participants over the period of the study refer to this type of threat to internal validity ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  maturation 
B)  history 
C)  testing 
D)  instrumentation 
A)  maturation 
B)  history 
C)  testing 
D)  instrumentation A

Question 3

Provide an example of when history may be a threat to internal validity.

Accepted Answer

A researcher could study the interaction between second-grade students and their teacher, using a case study approach. Events could occur that might affect the interaction between the teacher and the students. The teacher might experience personal problems at home that affect his or her teaching, and the same could be true for the children.

Question 4

The procedures section in a research article is intended to be a step-by-step description of how the study was conducted.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Discuss statistical regression as a threat to validity.

Accepted Answer

Regression toward the mean is primarily

Question 6

Name the two threats to population validity that have been proposed.

Accepted Answer

comparison of the accessible p

Question 7

List three threats to internal validity.

Accepted Answer

history, maturation, testing,

Question 8

Define random assignment.

Accepted Answer

Random assignment is defined a

Question 9

Discuss multiple treatment interference as a threat to external validity.

Accepted Answer

Multiple treatment interference can pote

Question 10

Events occurring during the time of the study that are unrelated to the treatment or independent variables are known as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumentation 
B)  statistical regression 
C)  history 
D)  maturation 
A)  instrumentation 
B)  statistical regression 
C)  history 
D)  maturation

Question 11

The threat to internal validity which involves participants dropping out of the study is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  attrition 
D)  testing 
A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  attrition 
D)  testing

Question 12

Provide an example of the Hawthorne Effect.

Accepted Answer

If a participant is aware of h

Question 13

The scientific method requires that researchers submit their studies to public scrutiny of the scientific/professional community.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which threat to external ecological validity refers to how events occurring at the time of the intervention or treatment affect the outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  measurement of the dependent variable 
B)  interaction between time of measurement and treatment effects 
C)  interaction between history and treatment effects 
D)  novelty or disruption effects 
A)  measurement of the dependent variable 
B)  interaction between time of measurement and treatment effects 
C)  interaction between history and treatment effects 
D)  novelty or disruption effects

Question 15

Give an example of how to reduce testing as a threat to validity.

Accepted Answer

A way to reduce this threat is

Question 16

A variable which manipulates an event or phenomenon to study its effect on another variable is known as the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent variable 
B)  independent variable 
C)  exogenous variable 
D)  indigenous variable 
A)  dependent variable 
B)  independent variable 
C)  exogenous variable 
D)  indigenous variable

Question 17

When studies are conducted over a period of time and there is no random assignment to groups, history is not a threat.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

______ is a threat that refers to circumstances where the control group is aware of not receiving the intervention which is perceived to be of value.

Accepted Answer

A)  Resentful demoralization 
B)  The John Henry effect 
C)  Bitter corruption 
D)  The Henry Jordan effect 
A)  Resentful demoralization 
B)  The John Henry effect 
C)  Bitter corruption 
D)  The Henry Jordan effect

Question 19

When participants become sensitized to the intent of the study or the desired responses the researchers are seeking from pretest to posttest, which type of threat to internal validity occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  attrition 
D)  testing 
A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  attrition 
D)  testing

Question 20

When the experimenter communicates to the participants, most often subtly, what outcomes he or she would like to achieve, this is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the Hawthorne effect 
B)  the experimenter effect 
C)  the disruption effect 
D)  description effect 
A)  the Hawthorne effect 
B)  the experimenter effect 
C)  the disruption effect 
D)  description effect

Exam 13: Evaluating the Methods Sectionprocedures

If a particular treatment is used, a step-by-step description is provided in the procedures section.

Possible physical and/or psychological changes that occur in the participants over the period of the study refer to this type of threat to internal validity ______.

Provide an example of when history may be a threat to internal validity.

The procedures section in a research article is intended to be a step-by-step description of how the study was conducted.

Discuss statistical regression as a threat to validity.

Name the two threats to population validity that have been proposed.

List three threats to internal validity.

Define random assignment.

Discuss multiple treatment interference as a threat to external validity.

Events occurring during the time of the study that are unrelated to the treatment or independent variables are known as ______.

The threat to internal validity which involves participants dropping out of the study is known as ______.

Provide an example of the Hawthorne Effect.

The scientific method requires that researchers submit their studies to public scrutiny of the scientific/professional community.

Which threat to external ecological validity refers to how events occurring at the time of the intervention or treatment affect the outcome?

Give an example of how to reduce testing as a threat to validity.

A variable which manipulates an event or phenomenon to study its effect on another variable is known as the ______.

When studies are conducted over a period of time and there is no random assignment to groups, history is not a threat.

______ is a threat that refers to circumstances where the control group is aware of not receiving the intervention which is perceived to be of value.

When participants become sensitized to the intent of the study or the desired responses the researchers are seeking from pretest to posttest, which type of threat to internal validity occurs?

When the experimenter communicates to the participants, most often subtly, what outcomes he or she would like to achieve, this is known as ______.

Science and the Research Process

Ethics and Research

Quantitative Research Designs

Qualitative Research Methods

Mixed Methods Research

Single-Case or Single-Subject Research

Basics of Statistical Methods

Basics of Qualitative Research Data Analysis

Evaluating the Literature Review

Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Evaluating the Methods Sectionsampling Methods

Evaluating the Methods Sectioninstruments

Evaluating the Results Section

Evaluating the Discussion Section

Evidence-Based Research and Application

Conducting Research: Cultural Issues

Developing a Research Proposal and Conducting Research in Practice

Development and Application of Program Evaluation Research

Advances in Technology and Research

Current and Future Issues in Counseling and Educational Research

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