Question 1

Genome size and chromosome number tend to increase with organism complexity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Match the DNA sequencing technology to its primary disadvantage
-Sanger dideoxy sequencing

Accepted Answer

A)  Only single molecules can be sequenced at once. 
B)  High cost for the amount of sequence produced 
C)  Short sequence reads 
A)  Only single molecules can be sequenced at once. 
B)  High cost for the amount of sequence produced 
C)  Short sequence reads A

Question 3

Which of the following phenomena results in the largest change of genome size?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polyploidization 
B)  Gene loss 
C)  Horizontal gene transfer 
D)  Gene family expansion 
A)  Polyploidization 
B)  Gene loss 
C)  Horizontal gene transfer 
D)  Gene family expansion A

Question 4

What is copy number variation?

Accepted Answer

A)  A substitution of a base for a different base 
B)  A sequence that is found in one species but is missing in another species 
C)  A difference in the amount of a specific DNA sequence found in different individuals or species 
D)  Duplication of a genome 
A)  A substitution of a base for a different base 
B)  A sequence that is found in one species but is missing in another species 
C)  A difference in the amount of a specific DNA sequence found in different individuals or species 
D)  Duplication of a genome

Question 5

During which of the following processes can genes be duplicated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Replication 
B)  Transcription 
C)  Translation 
D)  Splicing 
A)  Replication 
B)  Transcription 
C)  Translation 
D)  Splicing

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding natural selection are true? Please select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Genotypes increasing in frequency in a population are under positive selection. 
B)  Gene sequences must change for natural selection to occur. 
C)  Selection strength is not affected by the environment. 
D)  Phenotype must be affected for natural selection to act on genetic changes. 
A)  Genotypes increasing in frequency in a population are under positive selection. 
B)  Gene sequences must change for natural selection to occur. 
C)  Selection strength is not affected by the environment. 
D)  Phenotype must be affected for natural selection to act on genetic changes.

Question 7

Which of the following factors is not considered to be a fundamental property of a gene.

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes are alleles 
B)  Genes consist of DNA sequences 
C)  Genes are inherited 
D)  Genes are expressed 
A)  Genes are alleles 
B)  Genes consist of DNA sequences 
C)  Genes are inherited 
D)  Genes are expressed

Question 8

In an evolutionary context, what is fitness?

Accepted Answer

A)  The likelihood that an organism will survive and reproduce successfully in a given environment 
B)  The ability of an organism to pass on the propensity to produce more offspring 
C)  The genetic changes that increase the number of offspring produced by an organism 
D)  The speed at which an organism can produce offspring in a specific environment 
A)  The likelihood that an organism will survive and reproduce successfully in a given environment 
B)  The ability of an organism to pass on the propensity to produce more offspring 
C)  The genetic changes that increase the number of offspring produced by an organism 
D)  The speed at which an organism can produce offspring in a specific environment

Question 9

What is a genetic locus?

Accepted Answer

A)  A place in a genome where a gene resides 
B)  A map of all gene positions in a genome 
C)  A distance between positions on a genome 
D)  A specific gene 
A)  A place in a genome where a gene resides 
B)  A map of all gene positions in a genome 
C)  A distance between positions on a genome 
D)  A specific gene

Question 10

Orthologs are different members of the same gene family within an organism, whereas paralogs are genes in different species that have shared ancestry, encode similar proteins, and have similar functions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Match the DNA sequencing technology to its primary disadvantage
-Illumina sequencing

Accepted Answer

A)  Only single molecules can be sequenced at once. 
B)  High cost for the amount of sequence produced 
C)  Short sequence reads 
A)  Only single molecules can be sequenced at once. 
B)  High cost for the amount of sequence produced 
C)  Short sequence reads

Question 12

Which if the following features is not characteristic of histones

Accepted Answer

A)  Histones have a negative charge 
B)  Histones form an octamer 
C)  A nucleosome consists of DNA plus a core histone particle 
D)  Histones are highly conserved 
A)  Histones have a negative charge 
B)  Histones form an octamer 
C)  A nucleosome consists of DNA plus a core histone particle 
D)  Histones are highly conserved

Question 13

What is a pseudogene?

Accepted Answer

A)  A non-functional gene 
B)  A paralogous gene 
C)  A member of a gene family 
D)  A protein domain 
A)  A non-functional gene 
B)  A paralogous gene 
C)  A member of a gene family 
D)  A protein domain

Question 14

Match the DNA sequencing technology to its primary disadvantage
-Roche 454 sequencing

Accepted Answer

A)  Only single molecules can be sequenced at once. 
B)  High cost for the amount of sequence produced 
C)  Short sequence reads 
A)  Only single molecules can be sequenced at once. 
B)  High cost for the amount of sequence produced 
C)  Short sequence reads

Question 15

Which of the following are examples of biological redundancy? Please select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  There is more than one codon for most amino acids 
B)  Gene families have multiple genes with the same/similar functions 
C)  Multiple pathways exist to carry out a function 
D)  In humans, there are two alleles of most genes 
A)  There is more than one codon for most amino acids 
B)  Gene families have multiple genes with the same/similar functions 
C)  Multiple pathways exist to carry out a function 
D)  In humans, there are two alleles of most genes

Question 16

Which of the following is the major contributing factor to phenotypic differences between individuals of the same species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Variation in amino acid sequences 
B)  Variation in regulatory sequences 
C)  Variation in splicing 
D)  Variation in novel genes 
A)  Variation in amino acid sequences 
B)  Variation in regulatory sequences 
C)  Variation in splicing 
D)  Variation in novel genes

Question 17

Which of the following statements about bacteria are true? Please select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria usually have nuclei 
B)  Bacterial chromosomes are usually larger than plasmids 
C)  Bacterial chromosomes are usually circular 
D)  Bacteria usually have multiple chromosomes 
A)  Bacteria usually have nuclei 
B)  Bacterial chromosomes are usually larger than plasmids 
C)  Bacterial chromosomes are usually circular 
D)  Bacteria usually have multiple chromosomes

Question 18

Which of the following characteristics is not true of gene families?

Accepted Answer

A)  The number of paralogs usually varies widely between individuals in a species 
B)  Gene families arise through gene duplications 
C)  Functional divergence can arise in gene families because there is no loss of fitness when the function of one copy changes. 
D)  The original functions of a gene can be split between two paralogs in a gene family. 
A)  The number of paralogs usually varies widely between individuals in a species 
B)  Gene families arise through gene duplications 
C)  Functional divergence can arise in gene families because there is no loss of fitness when the function of one copy changes. 
D)  The original functions of a gene can be split between two paralogs in a gene family.

Question 19

The two chromosomes in one pair are referred to as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homologous 
B)  Alleles 
C)  Centromeres 
D)  Sister chromatids 
A)  Homologous 
B)  Alleles 
C)  Centromeres 
D)  Sister chromatids

Question 20

Where can extrachromosomal DNA be found in eukaryotes? Please select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chloroplasts 
B)  Plasmids 
C)  Mitochondria 
D)  Ribosomes 
A)  Chloroplasts 
B)  Plasmids 
C)  Mitochondria 
D)  Ribosomes

Genome size and chromosome number tend to increase with organism complexity.

Match the DNA sequencing technology to its primary disadvantage -Sanger dideoxy sequencing

Which of the following phenomena results in the largest change of genome size?

What is copy number variation?

During which of the following processes can genes be duplicated?

Which of the following statements regarding natural selection are true? Please select all that apply.

Which of the following factors is not considered to be a fundamental property of a gene.

In an evolutionary context, what is fitness?

What is a genetic locus?

Orthologs are different members of the same gene family within an organism, whereas paralogs are genes in different species that have shared ancestry, encode similar proteins, and have similar functions.

Match the DNA sequencing technology to its primary disadvantage -Illumina sequencing

Which if the following features is not characteristic of histones

What is a pseudogene?

Match the DNA sequencing technology to its primary disadvantage -Roche 454 sequencing

Which of the following are examples of biological redundancy? Please select all that apply.

Which of the following is the major contributing factor to phenotypic differences between individuals of the same species?

Which of the following statements about bacteria are true? Please select all that apply.

Which of the following characteristics is not true of gene families?

The two chromosomes in one pair are referred to as which of the following?

Where can extrachromosomal DNA be found in eukaryotes? Please select all that apply.

Darwins Finches: Evolution, Genomes, and Genes

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Descent With Modification: Dna Replication and Mutation

The Inheritance of Single Gene Traits

The Cellular Basis for Mendelian Genetics

X-Linked Genes and Sex Chromosomes

The Inheritance of Multiple Genes

The Locations of Genes on Chromosomes: Linkage and Genetic Maps

Human Genetic Mapping, Genome Wide Association Studies, and Complex Traits

Exchange and Evolution

Transcription: Reading and Expressing Genes

Translation: From Nucleic Acids to Amino Acids

Networks of Gene Regulation

Genetic Analysis of Cellular Processes

The Genetics of Populations

Metagenomes: Genome Analysis of Communities

Filters

Exam 3: Genome Structure, Organization, and Variation

Genome size and chromosome number tend to increase with organism complexity.

Match the DNA sequencing technology to its primary disadvantage -Sanger dideoxy sequencing

Which of the following phenomena results in the largest change of genome size?

What is copy number variation?

During which of the following processes can genes be duplicated?

Which of the following statements regarding natural selection are true? Please select all that apply.

Which of the following factors is not considered to be a fundamental property of a gene.

In an evolutionary context, what is fitness?

What is a genetic locus?

Orthologs are different members of the same gene family within an organism, whereas paralogs are genes in different species that have shared ancestry, encode similar proteins, and have similar functions.

Match the DNA sequencing technology to its primary disadvantage -Illumina sequencing

Which if the following features is not characteristic of histones

What is a pseudogene?

Match the DNA sequencing technology to its primary disadvantage -Roche 454 sequencing

Which of the following are examples of biological redundancy? Please select all that apply.

Which of the following is the major contributing factor to phenotypic differences between individuals of the same species?

Which of the following statements about bacteria are true? Please select all that apply.

Which of the following characteristics is not true of gene families?

The two chromosomes in one pair are referred to as which of the following?

Where can extrachromosomal DNA be found in eukaryotes? Please select all that apply.

Darwins Finches: Evolution, Genomes, and Genes

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Descent With Modification: Dna Replication and Mutation

The Inheritance of Single Gene Traits

The Cellular Basis for Mendelian Genetics

X-Linked Genes and Sex Chromosomes

The Inheritance of Multiple Genes

The Locations of Genes on Chromosomes: Linkage and Genetic Maps

Human Genetic Mapping, Genome Wide Association Studies, and Complex Traits

Exchange and Evolution

Transcription: Reading and Expressing Genes

Translation: From Nucleic Acids to Amino Acids

Networks of Gene Regulation

Genetic Analysis of Cellular Processes

The Genetics of Populations

Metagenomes: Genome Analysis of Communities

Filters