Exam 11: Exchange and Evolution

A technique similar to transformation is used in the laboratory to introduce DNA into eukaryotic cells. This technique is called _____

Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause pneumonia, meningitis, and blood infections. S. pneumoniae can change rapidly and evade the immune system. Which characteristics of S. pneumoniae facilitate this rapid evolution? Please select all that apply.

Plasmids can be transferred between bacteria by conjugation. What structure do plasmids adopt during transfer? Please select all that apply.

Fill in the blank. The enzyme encoded by some viruses that allows them to become incorporated into the host genome is called _____

The CRISPR mechanism helps bacterial cells defend themselves against foreign DNA. Put the following CRISPR events in order, from first to last. -2

The CRISPR mechanism helps bacterial cells defend themselves against foreign DNA. Put the following CRISPR events in order, from first to last. -5

Fill in the blank. Most transposable elements have become mutated and have lost the capacity to move on their own. Elements that are capable of moving on their own are termed _____ elements.

Which of the following statements about viruses are false? Please select all that apply.

Which of the following characteristics do scientists use to identify genomic islands in bacteria? Please select all that apply.

Not a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer

Match the missing words in the following phrase. Most bacteria have [A] chromosomes, but a few species have [B] chromosomes. Bacteria also have [C] DNA, some of which can be passed between [D]. The most common type of these is [E], which can replicate [F] of the chromosome.

Transfer of DNA by a virus

How do bacteria avoid destroying their own DNA with their restriction endonucleases?

The CRISPR mechanism helps bacterial cells defend themselves against foreign DNA. Put the following CRISPR events in order, from first to last. -6

What is a HFR cell?

The CRISPR mechanism helps bacterial cells recognize specific foreign molecules. What other defense systems does CRISPR resemble? Please select all that apply.

Which of the following natural processes are exploited in molecular biology laboratory experiments? Please select all that apply.

A functional transposable element is a discrete piece of DNA that can catalyze its own movement between genomes.

Which of the following statements about transposable elements are true? Please select all that apply.

Which of the following statements about horizontal gene transfer are true? Please select all that apply.