Question 1

What is the function of primase?

Accepted Answer

A)  To synthesize RNA 
B)  To replicate DNA 
C)  To separate the DNA double helix 
D)  To copy the ends of chromosomes 
A)  To synthesize RNA 
B)  To replicate DNA 
C)  To separate the DNA double helix 
D)  To copy the ends of chromosomes A

Question 2

Match the DNA alteration to its description.
-base change at a single nucleotide

Accepted Answer

A)  Transversion 
B)  Indel 
C)  Transition 
D)  SNP 
A)  Transversion 
B)  Indel 
C)  Transition 
D)  SNP D

Question 3

Match the DNA alteration to its description.
-pyrimidine replacement with a purine

Accepted Answer

A)  Transversion 
B)  Indel 
C)  Transition 
D)  SNP 
A)  Transversion 
B)  Indel 
C)  Transition 
D)  SNP A

Question 4

Match the DNA alteration to its description.
-sequence change involving several bases

Accepted Answer

A)  Transversion 
B)  Indel 
C)  Transition 
D)  SNP 
A)  Transversion 
B)  Indel 
C)  Transition 
D)  SNP

Question 5

Both rooted and unrooted phylogenetic trees show the relationships between organisms, but only rooted trees indicate the relative divergence times from the common ancestor of all organisms in the tree.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Match the missing words in the following phrase. In linear chromosomes, replication of the [A] end can be completed without any issues, but replication of the [B] end is more problematic as the extreme end has an unfinished gap. The ends of [C] chromosomes have a [D], which consists of many repeats of a short DNA sequence. [E], which is a type of [F], binds to the repeat sequence and adds more copies of the repeat sequence to the end of the chromosome, which then allows an RNA primer to be added and DNA synthesis of the strand to continue as normal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the missing words in the following...

Question 7

What do reverse transcriptases do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Copy RNA into DNA 
B)  Copy DNA into RNA 
C)  Copy DNA into DNA 
D)  Copy RNA into RNA 
A)  Copy RNA into DNA 
B)  Copy DNA into RNA 
C)  Copy DNA into DNA 
D)  Copy RNA into RNA

Question 8

Which enzyme separates the strands of the DNA double helix during replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA helicase 
B)  DNA polymerase 
C)  DNA ligase 
D)  RNA polymerase 
A)  DNA helicase 
B)  DNA polymerase 
C)  DNA ligase 
D)  RNA polymerase

Question 9

What are Okasaki fragments?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA pieces made on the lagging strand 
B)  Small proteins that protect single-stranded DNA from re-annealing. 
C)  Small RNA fragments that prime DNA synthesis 
D)  Proteins that join DNA together 
A)  DNA pieces made on the lagging strand 
B)  Small proteins that protect single-stranded DNA from re-annealing. 
C)  Small RNA fragments that prime DNA synthesis 
D)  Proteins that join DNA together

Question 10

Match the missing words in the following phrase. Single nucleotides are added to a growing nucleotide chain during DNA synthesis. A covalent [A] bond is formed between the [B] carbon on [C] of the nucleotide at the end of a DNA chain and [D] on the [E] carbon of an incoming nucleotide.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the missing words in the following...

Question 11

Which of the statements about replication and replication origins in eukaryotes and bacteria are true? Please select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Replication origins in both bacteria and eukaryotes are A-T rich 
B)  Eukaryotic chromosomes have multiple replication origins 
C)  Bacterial chromosomes have a single origin of replication 
D)  Eukaryotic replication is faster than bacterial replication 
A)  Replication origins in both bacteria and eukaryotes are A-T rich 
B)  Eukaryotic chromosomes have multiple replication origins 
C)  Bacterial chromosomes have a single origin of replication 
D)  Eukaryotic replication is faster than bacterial replication

Question 12

Match the missing words in the following phrase. Different types of phylogenetic trees are used for different purposes. [A] do not estimate the amount of change between organisms. In [B], branch lengths represent the amount of difference between organisms. [C] are similar, but have the terminal [D] the same distance from the [E], which is useful for showing changes over time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the missing words in the following...

Question 13

Match the DNA alteration to its description.
-purine replacement with a purine

Accepted Answer

A)  Transversion 
B)  Indel 
C)  Transition 
D)  SNP 
A)  Transversion 
B)  Indel 
C)  Transition 
D)  SNP

Question 14

Which of the following terms describes the evolutionary history of a group of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phylogeny 
B)  Cladogram 
C)  Descent with modification 
D)  Selection 
A)  Phylogeny 
B)  Cladogram 
C)  Descent with modification 
D)  Selection

Question 15

Which of the statements about replication error and repair during DNA synthesis are true? Please select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  The error rate during DNA replication is approximately 100-fold higher than the error rate after proofreading 
B)  DNA polymerases can have 3' endonuclease activity 
C)  Error-prone polymerases do not have proofreading capacity 
D)  Base tautomerization can lead to non-Watson-Crick base pairing 
A)  The error rate during DNA replication is approximately 100-fold higher than the error rate after proofreading 
B)  DNA polymerases can have 3' endonuclease activity 
C)  Error-prone polymerases do not have proofreading capacity 
D)  Base tautomerization can lead to non-Watson-Crick base pairing

Question 16

What holds the two strands of the DNA double helix together?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen bonds 
B)  Ionic bonds 
C)  Covalent bonds 
D)  Van der Waals forces 
A)  Hydrogen bonds 
B)  Ionic bonds 
C)  Covalent bonds 
D)  Van der Waals forces

Question 17

How do bacteria determine which is the newly-synthesized DNA strand during mismatch repair?

Accepted Answer

A)  The new DNA strand is not methylated 
B)  The new DNA strand contains phosphate 
C)  MutH protein is bound to the new DNA strand 
D)  MutS protein recognizes the mismatched bases 
A)  The new DNA strand is not methylated 
B)  The new DNA strand contains phosphate 
C)  MutH protein is bound to the new DNA strand 
D)  MutS protein recognizes the mismatched bases

Question 18

Which of the mutation types is least likely to have a phenotypic effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Missense 
B)  Frameshift 
C)  Nonsense 
D)  All the mutation types are equally likely to have a phenotypic effect. 
A)  Missense 
B)  Frameshift 
C)  Nonsense 
D)  All the mutation types are equally likely to have a phenotypic effect.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about evolution is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neutral mutations are maintained in the population 
B)  An adaptive change is a beneficial mutation that arises in response to the needs of a particular environment 
C)  Adaptive mutations are subject to purifying selection 
D)  Deleterious mutations increase in the population 
A)  Neutral mutations are maintained in the population 
B)  An adaptive change is a beneficial mutation that arises in response to the needs of a particular environment 
C)  Adaptive mutations are subject to purifying selection 
D)  Deleterious mutations increase in the population

Question 20

The leading strand is more severely affected by the end-replication problem than the lagging strand.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

What is the function of primase?

Match the DNA alteration to its description. -base change at a single nucleotide

Match the DNA alteration to its description. -pyrimidine replacement with a purine

Match the DNA alteration to its description. -sequence change involving several bases

Both rooted and unrooted phylogenetic trees show the relationships between organisms, but only rooted trees indicate the relative divergence times from the common ancestor of all organisms in the tree.

What do reverse transcriptases do?

Which enzyme separates the strands of the DNA double helix during replication?

What are Okasaki fragments?

Match the missing words in the following phrase. Single nucleotides are added to a growing nucleotide chain during DNA synthesis. A covalent [A] bond is formed between the [B] carbon on [C] of the nucleotide at the end of a DNA chain and [D] on the [E] carbon of an incoming nucleotide.

Which of the statements about replication and replication origins in eukaryotes and bacteria are true? Please select all that apply.

Match the DNA alteration to its description. -purine replacement with a purine

Which of the following terms describes the evolutionary history of a group of organisms?

Which of the statements about replication error and repair during DNA synthesis are true? Please select all that apply.

What holds the two strands of the DNA double helix together?

How do bacteria determine which is the newly-synthesized DNA strand during mismatch repair?

Which of the mutation types is least likely to have a phenotypic effect?

Which of the following statements about evolution is true?

The leading strand is more severely affected by the end-replication problem than the lagging strand.

Darwins Finches: Evolution, Genomes, and Genes

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Genome Structure, Organization, and Variation

The Inheritance of Single Gene Traits

The Cellular Basis for Mendelian Genetics

X-Linked Genes and Sex Chromosomes

The Inheritance of Multiple Genes

The Locations of Genes on Chromosomes: Linkage and Genetic Maps

Human Genetic Mapping, Genome Wide Association Studies, and Complex Traits

Exchange and Evolution

Transcription: Reading and Expressing Genes

Translation: From Nucleic Acids to Amino Acids

Networks of Gene Regulation

Genetic Analysis of Cellular Processes

The Genetics of Populations

Metagenomes: Genome Analysis of Communities

Filters

Exam 4: Descent With Modification: Dna Replication and Mutation

What is the function of primase?

Match the DNA alteration to its description. -base change at a single nucleotide

Match the DNA alteration to its description. -pyrimidine replacement with a purine

Match the DNA alteration to its description. -sequence change involving several bases

Both rooted and unrooted phylogenetic trees show the relationships between organisms, but only rooted trees indicate the relative divergence times from the common ancestor of all organisms in the tree.

What do reverse transcriptases do?

Which enzyme separates the strands of the DNA double helix during replication?

What are Okasaki fragments?

Match the missing words in the following phrase. Single nucleotides are added to a growing nucleotide chain during DNA synthesis. A covalent [A] bond is formed between the [B] carbon on [C] of the nucleotide at the end of a DNA chain and [D] on the [E] carbon of an incoming nucleotide.

Which of the statements about replication and replication origins in eukaryotes and bacteria are true? Please select all that apply.

Match the DNA alteration to its description. -purine replacement with a purine

Which of the following terms describes the evolutionary history of a group of organisms?

Which of the statements about replication error and repair during DNA synthesis are true? Please select all that apply.

What holds the two strands of the DNA double helix together?

How do bacteria determine which is the newly-synthesized DNA strand during mismatch repair?

Which of the mutation types is least likely to have a phenotypic effect?

Which of the following statements about evolution is true?

The leading strand is more severely affected by the end-replication problem than the lagging strand.

Darwins Finches: Evolution, Genomes, and Genes

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Genome Structure, Organization, and Variation

The Inheritance of Single Gene Traits

The Cellular Basis for Mendelian Genetics

X-Linked Genes and Sex Chromosomes

The Inheritance of Multiple Genes

The Locations of Genes on Chromosomes: Linkage and Genetic Maps

Human Genetic Mapping, Genome Wide Association Studies, and Complex Traits

Exchange and Evolution

Transcription: Reading and Expressing Genes

Translation: From Nucleic Acids to Amino Acids

Networks of Gene Regulation

Genetic Analysis of Cellular Processes

The Genetics of Populations

Metagenomes: Genome Analysis of Communities

Filters