Question 1

How can institutional "isms" occur in work organizations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Policies and procedures 
B)  Norms and customs 
C)  Governing structures 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Policies and procedures 
B)  Norms and customs 
C)  Governing structures 
D)  All of the above D

Question 2

Which statement best characterizes an institutional "ism?" It

Accepted Answer

A)  primarily affects individuals rather than groups. 
B)  affects businesses and organizations but not specific individuals. 
C)  can be changed easily. 
D)  is often a culture-wide issue that favors the dominant group. 
A)  primarily affects individuals rather than groups. 
B)  affects businesses and organizations but not specific individuals. 
C)  can be changed easily. 
D)  is often a culture-wide issue that favors the dominant group. D

Question 3

Distinguish institutional racism/sexism from individual racism/sexism.

Accepted Answer

Institutional racism/sexism refers to the systematic discrimination and unfair treatment of individuals based on their race or gender within an organization or society as a whole. This can be seen in policies, practices, and procedures that perpetuate inequality and disadvantage certain groups. Examples of institutional racism/sexism include unequal access to education, employment opportunities, and healthcare based on race or gender.

On the other hand, individual racism/sexism refers to the beliefs, attitudes, and actions of individuals that perpetuate discrimination and prejudice against others based on their race or gender. This can manifest in the form of derogatory remarks, stereotypes, and personal biases that contribute to the marginalization of certain groups.

The key distinction between the two lies in the scale and impact of the discrimination. Institutional racism/sexism operates at a systemic level, affecting large groups of people and perpetuating inequality across society. Individual racism/sexism, on the other hand, is more focused on the actions and attitudes of specific individuals, although it can still have significant negative effects on those who are targeted.

It's important to address both institutional and individual racism/sexism in order to create a more equitable and inclusive society. This can involve implementing policies and practices that promote diversity and inclusion, as well as challenging and changing the attitudes and behaviors of individuals to create a more respectful and equal society for all.

Question 4

Define the term "hypodescent" and show how it exemplifies the social construction process.

Accepted Answer

Hypodescent is a social phenomenon in wh

Question 5

How does ethnicity differ from race? What are three aspects of ethnicity?

Accepted Answer

Ethnicity and race are related concepts,

Question 6

You notice that a subordinate's performance is not up to standard. You conclude that he does not have relevant skill or knowledge. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  an external attribution. 
B)  the fundamental attribution error. 
C)  the operation of Equity Theory. 
D)  the process of social construction. 
A)  an external attribution. 
B)  the fundamental attribution error. 
C)  the operation of Equity Theory. 
D)  the process of social construction.

Question 7

Why is it important for diversity professionals to understand the concepts of institutional racism and sexism?

Accepted Answer

It is important for diversity profession

Question 8

In the fundamental attribution error, we over-attribute others' behavior to _____ factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive 
B)  motivational 
C)  external 
D)  internal 
A)  cognitive 
B)  motivational 
C)  external 
D)  internal

Question 9

Explain the concept of privilege and give an example of how it applies in your life.

Accepted Answer

Privilege refers to the unearned advanta

Question 10

What are the three main types of justice or fairness?

Accepted Answer

A)  procedural, distributive, and interactional 
B)  individual, social, and organizational 
C)  intended, perceived, and actual 
D)  input, output, and process 
A)  procedural, distributive, and interactional 
B)  individual, social, and organizational 
C)  intended, perceived, and actual 
D)  input, output, and process

Question 11

Have ideas of meritocracy affected the academic or social lives of you or someone you know? Give an example of how this concept applies.

Accepted Answer

Yes, the concept of meritocracy has defi

Question 12

Give an example of how habits of attribution apply to the perception of others' behavior in organizations. How can these habits work to the disadvantage of underrepresented groups?

Accepted Answer

Habits of attribution refer to the tende

Question 13

How would you explain the idea of privilege to a co-worker or friend? How would you show them how it could affect their judgments about others?

Accepted Answer

Privilege is the unearned advantages or

Question 14

How should a situation of social inequality be framed to create guilt in members of a dominant group?

Accepted Answer

A)  individual disadvantages 
B)  other-group disadvantages 
C)  own-group privilege 
D)  merit and effort 
A)  individual disadvantages 
B)  other-group disadvantages 
C)  own-group privilege 
D)  merit and effort

Question 15

An employee is unhappy with his performance evaluation because he believes his supervisor did not consider enough information, such as the fact that the office is short-handed. This illustrates the operation of

Accepted Answer

A)  distributive justice. 
B)  interactional justice. 
C)  procedural justice. 
D)  none of these. 
A)  distributive justice. 
B)  interactional justice. 
C)  procedural justice. 
D)  none of these.

Question 16

You failed a recent exam. You think back to the exam day and remember that you were distracted by the person sitting next to you coughing the entire time, but you also know you did not study as much as you should have. If you are acting to preserve your self-esteem, to what would you be more likely to attribute your failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  the coughing classmate 
B)  your inadequate studying 
C)  your lack of knowledge 
D)  both A and B 
A)  the coughing classmate 
B)  your inadequate studying 
C)  your lack of knowledge 
D)  both A and B

Question 17

An opportunity is given to a minority member that the majority group feels they deserved instead. Which is the dominant group most likely to experience?

Accepted Answer

A)  perceptions of the fundamental attribution error 
B)  feelings of poor interactional justice 
C)  feelings of reverse discrimination 
D)  a sense of social construction 
A)  perceptions of the fundamental attribution error 
B)  feelings of poor interactional justice 
C)  feelings of reverse discrimination 
D)  a sense of social construction

Question 18

Give a brief explanation of Equity Theory. How does it illustrate "an individualistic and meritocratic understanding of fairness"?

Accepted Answer

Equity Theory, developed by psychologist

Question 19

What are the meanings of "race" in everyday language, and in social and biological science?

Accepted Answer

In everyday language, the term "race" is

Question 20

Phinney (1996) says there are three central aspects of ethnicity related to its psychological significance. Which of the following is NOT one of those aspects?

Accepted Answer

A)  collection of attitudes, behaviors, and cultural values that characterize ethnic groups 
B)  sense of a shared history of conflict 
C)  sense of shared ethnic identity 
D)  consequences of being in the ethnic group 
A)  collection of attitudes, behaviors, and cultural values that characterize ethnic groups 
B)  sense of a shared history of conflict 
C)  sense of shared ethnic identity 
D)  consequences of being in the ethnic group

How can institutional "isms" occur in work organizations?

Which statement best characterizes an institutional "ism?" It

Distinguish institutional racism/sexism from individual racism/sexism.

Define the term "hypodescent" and show how it exemplifies the social construction process.

How does ethnicity differ from race? What are three aspects of ethnicity?

You notice that a subordinate's performance is not up to standard. You conclude that he does not have relevant skill or knowledge. This illustrates

Why is it important for diversity professionals to understand the concepts of institutional racism and sexism?

In the fundamental attribution error, we over-attribute others' behavior to _____ factors?

Explain the concept of privilege and give an example of how it applies in your life.

What are the three main types of justice or fairness?

Have ideas of meritocracy affected the academic or social lives of you or someone you know? Give an example of how this concept applies.

Give an example of how habits of attribution apply to the perception of others' behavior in organizations. How can these habits work to the disadvantage of underrepresented groups?

How would you explain the idea of privilege to a co-worker or friend? How would you show them how it could affect their judgments about others?

How should a situation of social inequality be framed to create guilt in members of a dominant group?

An employee is unhappy with his performance evaluation because he believes his supervisor did not consider enough information, such as the fact that the office is short-handed. This illustrates the operation of

An opportunity is given to a minority member that the majority group feels they deserved instead. Which is the dominant group most likely to experience?

Give a brief explanation of Equity Theory. How does it illustrate "an individualistic and meritocratic understanding of fairness"?

What are the meanings of "race" in everyday language, and in social and biological science?

Phinney (1996) says there are three central aspects of ethnicity related to its psychological significance. Which of the following is NOT one of those aspects?

Basic Concepts

Conceptualizing and Measuring Difference

Organizational Structure and the Problem of Pay In-Equity

Identities: Who We Are and Why That Matters

The Big Three: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Diversity, Inclusion, and the Law

Making the Most of Diversity in Teams

Sex, Gender, and Work

Race, Ethnicity, and Work

Sexual Orientation and Work

Religion, Age, Ability, Appearance, Weight, Social Class, and Work

Building Diversity Competence for Individuals

Building Organizational Diversity Competence Through Organizational Development

Filters

Exam 3: Privilege, Social Construction, Attribution, and Fairness

How can institutional "isms" occur in work organizations?

Which statement best characterizes an institutional "ism?" It

Distinguish institutional racism/sexism from individual racism/sexism.

Define the term "hypodescent" and show how it exemplifies the social construction process.

How does ethnicity differ from race? What are three aspects of ethnicity?

You notice that a subordinate's performance is not up to standard. You conclude that he does not have relevant skill or knowledge. This illustrates

Why is it important for diversity professionals to understand the concepts of institutional racism and sexism?

In the fundamental attribution error, we over-attribute others' behavior to _____ factors?

Explain the concept of privilege and give an example of how it applies in your life.

What are the three main types of justice or fairness?

Have ideas of meritocracy affected the academic or social lives of you or someone you know? Give an example of how this concept applies.

Give an example of how habits of attribution apply to the perception of others' behavior in organizations. How can these habits work to the disadvantage of underrepresented groups?

How would you explain the idea of privilege to a co-worker or friend? How would you show them how it could affect their judgments about others?

How should a situation of social inequality be framed to create guilt in members of a dominant group?

An employee is unhappy with his performance evaluation because he believes his supervisor did not consider enough information, such as the fact that the office is short-handed. This illustrates the operation of

An opportunity is given to a minority member that the majority group feels they deserved instead. Which is the dominant group most likely to experience?

Give a brief explanation of Equity Theory. How does it illustrate "an individualistic and meritocratic understanding of fairness"?

What are the meanings of "race" in everyday language, and in social and biological science?

Phinney (1996) says there are three central aspects of ethnicity related to its psychological significance. Which of the following is NOT one of those aspects?

Basic Concepts

Conceptualizing and Measuring Difference

Organizational Structure and the Problem of Pay In-Equity

Identities: Who We Are and Why That Matters

The Big Three: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Diversity, Inclusion, and the Law

Making the Most of Diversity in Teams

Sex, Gender, and Work

Race, Ethnicity, and Work

Sexual Orientation and Work

Religion, Age, Ability, Appearance, Weight, Social Class, and Work

Building Diversity Competence for Individuals

Building Organizational Diversity Competence Through Organizational Development

Filters