Question 1

List three reasons why you should write a research proposal prior to data collection.

Accepted Answer

1. Clarify research objectives: Writing

Question 2

Distinguish between a research hypothesis and a statistical hypothesis. Give an example of a research hypothesis and its associated statistical hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A research hypothesis is a specific, tes

Question 3

When evaluating information from online sources such as blogs, one should consider

Accepted Answer

A)  how well qualified the author is to write on the topic. 
B)  the level of objectivity of the information provided. 
C)  how up-to-date the information is. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  how well qualified the author is to write on the topic. 
B)  the level of objectivity of the information provided. 
C)  how up-to-date the information is. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the relationship between estimator variables and policy variables is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no relationship between estimator variables and policy variables. 
B)  Policy variables are operational definitions of estimator variables. 
C)  Estimator variables can be useful in understanding how policy variables work. 
D)  In the best applied research, policy variables are used as independent variables and estimator variables are used as dependent variables. 
A)  There is no relationship between estimator variables and policy variables. 
B)  Policy variables are operational definitions of estimator variables. 
C)  Estimator variables can be useful in understanding how policy variables work. 
D)  In the best applied research, policy variables are used as independent variables and estimator variables are used as dependent variables.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE about the potential for bias in formulating research questions?

Accepted Answer

A)  The potential for bias is greater for basic research questions than for applied research questions. 
B)  Experienced researchers can readily identify sources of bias in their own research questions and rarely need to seek others' input about possible biases. 
C)  Researchers can begin looking for indicators of possible biases when conducting the literature review; doing so helps them avoid those problems when formulating a research question. 
D)  In general, it is more important to consider the potential for bias in selecting the research population than in selecting the measures to be used. 
A)  The potential for bias is greater for basic research questions than for applied research questions. 
B)  Experienced researchers can readily identify sources of bias in their own research questions and rarely need to seek others' input about possible biases. 
C)  Researchers can begin looking for indicators of possible biases when conducting the literature review; doing so helps them avoid those problems when formulating a research question. 
D)  In general, it is more important to consider the potential for bias in selecting the research population than in selecting the measures to be used.

Question 6

Which of the following types of information should be part of a literature review for a proposed study?

Accepted Answer

A)  information about the theory on which your research is based 
B)  the ways in which previous researchers have addressed your research question 
C)  information about theories that are competitors of the theory on which your research is based 
D)  all of the above 
A)  information about the theory on which your research is based 
B)  the ways in which previous researchers have addressed your research question 
C)  information about theories that are competitors of the theory on which your research is based 
D)  all of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT part of the research proposal you write while designing a study?

Accepted Answer

A)  a description of theory on which the study is based 
B)  a consideration of the risks and benefits the research will pose for participants 
C)  a description of the research design to be used 
D)  a summary of previous research conducted on the research topic. 
A)  a description of theory on which the study is based 
B)  a consideration of the risks and benefits the research will pose for participants 
C)  a description of the research design to be used 
D)  a summary of previous research conducted on the research topic.

Question 8

Personal involvement in a research question can be beneficial but can also threaten the validity of the research if

Accepted Answer

A)  during the literature review phase, you focus on evidence that supports your hypothesis and overlook contrary evidence. 
B)  after the data are in, you interpret the results as providing stronger support for your hypothesis than is warranted. 
C)  you are unduly confident of the validity of your hypothesis and do not test alternative explanations. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  during the literature review phase, you focus on evidence that supports your hypothesis and overlook contrary evidence. 
B)  after the data are in, you interpret the results as providing stronger support for your hypothesis than is warranted. 
C)  you are unduly confident of the validity of your hypothesis and do not test alternative explanations. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 9

When evaluating the feasibility of a study that you would like to conduct, you should think about

Accepted Answer

A)  whether the resources you need will be available to you. 
B)  how to operationally define the variables you want to study. 
C)  how to conduct a literature review of your topic. 
D)  whether you have sufficient informal background to conduct the study. 
A)  whether the resources you need will be available to you. 
B)  how to operationally define the variables you want to study. 
C)  how to conduct a literature review of your topic. 
D)  whether you have sufficient informal background to conduct the study.

Question 10

________ replications are conducted to assess the ________ of previous research.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conceptual; generalizability 
B)  Direct; generalizability 
C)  Direct; internal validity 
D)  Conceptual; internal validity 
A)  Conceptual; generalizability 
B)  Direct; generalizability 
C)  Direct; internal validity 
D)  Conceptual; internal validity

Question 11

As part of developing a hypothesis, the literature review consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  writing the part of the introduction section of a research report that presents the background of the study. 
B)  writing comprehensive summaries and analyses of theory and research on your topic. 
C)  collecting theoretical, empirical, and methodological information on your topic. 
D)  locating sources of ideas for a research question. 
A)  writing the part of the introduction section of a research report that presents the background of the study. 
B)  writing comprehensive summaries and analyses of theory and research on your topic. 
C)  collecting theoretical, empirical, and methodological information on your topic. 
D)  locating sources of ideas for a research question.

Question 12

In discussions of utilization of research results, the term utility test refers to potential users' perception of the

Accepted Answer

A)  validity of the research. 
B)  usefulness of the research results for guiding action. 
C)  political acceptability of the results of the research. 
D)  extent to which they have control over the variables studied in the research. 
A)  validity of the research. 
B)  usefulness of the research results for guiding action. 
C)  political acceptability of the results of the research. 
D)  extent to which they have control over the variables studied in the research.

Question 13

Describe three sources for research ideas.

Accepted Answer

1. Current Events: Keeping up with the l

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a primary source?

Accepted Answer

A)  a graduate-level textbook on a topic 
B)  a journal article that summarizes and critiques existing research on a topic 
C)  an article in a professional journal that reports new research on a topic written by the people who conducted the research 
D)  a book that summarizes and critiques existing research and theory on a topic 
A)  a graduate-level textbook on a topic 
B)  a journal article that summarizes and critiques existing research on a topic 
C)  an article in a professional journal that reports new research on a topic written by the people who conducted the research 
D)  a book that summarizes and critiques existing research and theory on a topic

Question 15

Distinguish among a direct replication, a conceptual replication, and a replication and extension.

Accepted Answer

Direct replication, conceptual replicati

Question 16

Describe the factors that one must consider when planning a replication study.

Accepted Answer

When planning a replication study, there

Question 17

In the context of a literature review, the term primary source refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  articles relevant to your research that you identified on your own without using an index. 
B)  summaries of studies such as those found in the introduction section of a journal article. 
C)  an original research report or presentation of a theory written by the people who conducted the research or developed the theory. 
D)  press reports of research results in major news outlets such as the New York Times. 
A)  articles relevant to your research that you identified on your own without using an index. 
B)  summaries of studies such as those found in the introduction section of a journal article. 
C)  an original research report or presentation of a theory written by the people who conducted the research or developed the theory. 
D)  press reports of research results in major news outlets such as the New York Times.

Question 18

The growing consensus is that the best way to evaluate the success of replication research is by

Accepted Answer

A)  seeing if the replication study produces a statistically significant outcome that matches the outcome of the original study. 
B)  seeing if there is overlap between the 95% confidence intervals around the effect sizes of the original study and the replication study. 
C)  conducting a meta-analysis of the results of all the studies conducted on a hypothesis to determine the mean size of the effect of the independent variable. 
D)  doing any of the above. 
A)  seeing if the replication study produces a statistically significant outcome that matches the outcome of the original study. 
B)  seeing if there is overlap between the 95% confidence intervals around the effect sizes of the original study and the replication study. 
C)  conducting a meta-analysis of the results of all the studies conducted on a hypothesis to determine the mean size of the effect of the independent variable. 
D)  doing any of the above.

Question 19

In a conceptual replication, the researcher

Accepted Answer

A)  tests the same hypoth?esis as the original research, but uses a different set of operational defi?nitions. 
B)  replicates an earlier study and adds a component that expands its scope. 
C)  seeks to recreate a study as closely as possible. 
D)  attempts to show that the results of the original study were incorrect. 
A)  tests the same hypoth?esis as the original research, but uses a different set of operational defi?nitions. 
B)  replicates an earlier study and adds a component that expands its scope. 
C)  seeks to recreate a study as closely as possible. 
D)  attempts to show that the results of the original study were incorrect.

Question 20

Describe two ways in which researchers' personal values can affect the development of a research question or hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

Researchers' personal values can affect

List three reasons why you should write a research proposal prior to data collection.

Distinguish between a research hypothesis and a statistical hypothesis. Give an example of a research hypothesis and its associated statistical hypothesis.

When evaluating information from online sources such as blogs, one should consider

Which of the following statements about the relationship between estimator variables and policy variables is TRUE?

Which of the following is TRUE about the potential for bias in formulating research questions?

Which of the following types of information should be part of a literature review for a proposed study?

Which of the following is NOT part of the research proposal you write while designing a study?

Personal involvement in a research question can be beneficial but can also threaten the validity of the research if

When evaluating the feasibility of a study that you would like to conduct, you should think about

replications are conducted to assess the of previous research.

As part of developing a hypothesis, the literature review consists of

In discussions of utilization of research results, the term utility test refers to potential users' perception of the

Describe three sources for research ideas.

Which of the following is an example of a primary source?

Distinguish among a direct replication, a conceptual replication, and a replication and extension.

Describe the factors that one must consider when planning a replication study.

In the context of a literature review, the term primary source refers to

The growing consensus is that the best way to evaluate the success of replication research is by

In a conceptual replication, the researcher

Describe two ways in which researchers' personal values can affect the development of a research question or hypothesis.

Behavioral Science

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

The Single-Case Research Strategy

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters

Exam 5: Formulating a Research Question

List three reasons why you should write a research proposal prior to data collection.

Distinguish between a research hypothesis and a statistical hypothesis. Give an example of a research hypothesis and its associated statistical hypothesis.

When evaluating information from online sources such as blogs, one should consider

Which of the following statements about the relationship between estimator variables and policy variables is TRUE?

Which of the following is TRUE about the potential for bias in formulating research questions?

Which of the following types of information should be part of a literature review for a proposed study?

Which of the following is NOT part of the research proposal you write while designing a study?

Personal involvement in a research question can be beneficial but can also threaten the validity of the research if

When evaluating the feasibility of a study that you would like to conduct, you should think about

________ replications are conducted to assess the ________ of previous research.

As part of developing a hypothesis, the literature review consists of

In discussions of utilization of research results, the term utility test refers to potential users' perception of the

Describe three sources for research ideas.

Which of the following is an example of a primary source?

Distinguish among a direct replication, a conceptual replication, and a replication and extension.

Describe the factors that one must consider when planning a replication study.

In the context of a literature review, the term primary source refers to

The growing consensus is that the best way to evaluate the success of replication research is by

In a conceptual replication, the researcher

Describe two ways in which researchers' personal values can affect the development of a research question or hypothesis.

Behavioral Science

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

The Single-Case Research Strategy

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters

replications are conducted to assess the of previous research.