Question 1

Preparing and using an expected outcome diagram for a study can help the researcher determine the

Accepted Answer

A)  extent to which the relationships found in the study match the predictions made in the study's hypotheses. 
B)  degree of statistical significance of the research results. 
C)  degree of practical significance of the research results. 
D)  extent to which bias might be influencing interpretations of the research results. 
A)  extent to which the relationships found in the study match the predictions made in the study's hypotheses. 
B)  degree of statistical significance of the research results. 
C)  degree of practical significance of the research results. 
D)  extent to which bias might be influencing interpretations of the research results.

Question 2

Define the naturalistic fallacy and give an example of it.

Accepted Answer

The naturalistic fallacy is a philosophi

Question 3

Possible sources of Type II errors include

Accepted Answer

A)  using a manipulation of the independent that is too strong. 
B)  the use of ratio level measurement of the dependent variable. 
C)  a restriction in range of measures used in correlational research. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  using a manipulation of the independent that is too strong. 
B)  the use of ratio level measurement of the dependent variable. 
C)  a restriction in range of measures used in correlational research. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 4

Prejudice against the null hypothesis exists because

Accepted Answer

A)  researchers tend to think of theory testing in terms of finding hypothesized relationships rather than not finding relationships. 
B)  the meaning of null results can be ambiguous because they could represent Type II errors. 
C)  researchers see null results as sources of disappoint?ment rather than as sources of information. 
D)  of all of the above 
A)  researchers tend to think of theory testing in terms of finding hypothesized relationships rather than not finding relationships. 
B)  the meaning of null results can be ambiguous because they could represent Type II errors. 
C)  researchers see null results as sources of disappoint?ment rather than as sources of information. 
D)  of all of the above

Question 5

The naturalistic fallacy is

Accepted Answer

A)  the belief that because something has a biological basis, it is natural and unchangeable. 
B)  another term for the logical positivist view on scientific knowledge. 
C)  the belief that the mean group score on a variable is characteristic of all members of the group. 
D)  the belief that the results of research conducted in laboratory settings automatically generalize to natural settings. 
A)  the belief that because something has a biological basis, it is natural and unchangeable. 
B)  another term for the logical positivist view on scientific knowledge. 
C)  the belief that the mean group score on a variable is characteristic of all members of the group. 
D)  the belief that the results of research conducted in laboratory settings automatically generalize to natural settings.

Question 6

Distinguish between the logical positivist and the social constructionist view of knowledge.

Accepted Answer

The logical positivist view of knowledge

Question 7

What is the conventional criterion level for determining whether a relationship is statistically significant? What does this criterion level indicate?

Accepted Answer

The conventional criterion level for det

Question 8

Which of the following statements about effect sizes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  A large effect size indicates a high level of practical significance. 
B)  The concept of effect size is a statistical abstraction that has no practical application. 
C)  Small effect sizes can be important under the right circumstances. 
D)  Effect sizes are useful in estimating the probability of making a Type I error but not in estimating the probability of making a Type II error. 
A)  A large effect size indicates a high level of practical significance. 
B)  The concept of effect size is a statistical abstraction that has no practical application. 
C)  Small effect sizes can be important under the right circumstances. 
D)  Effect sizes are useful in estimating the probability of making a Type I error but not in estimating the probability of making a Type II error.

Question 9

Visual representations of data can be useful because they

Accepted Answer

A)  can suggest alternative interpretations of the data. 
B)  show the exact form of that a statistically significant interaction takes. 
C)  can indicate when outliers might be influencing the results. 
D)  can do all of the above. 
A)  can suggest alternative interpretations of the data. 
B)  show the exact form of that a statistically significant interaction takes. 
C)  can indicate when outliers might be influencing the results. 
D)  can do all of the above.

Question 10

When identifying the implications of the results of a study, one should take into consideration

Accepted Answer

A)  how the results compare to the results of previous research on the topic. 
B)  the ways in which research procedures may have affected the results. 
C)  the ways in which the theory tested in the research is related to other theories. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  how the results compare to the results of previous research on the topic. 
B)  the ways in which research procedures may have affected the results. 
C)  the ways in which the theory tested in the research is related to other theories. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 11

What is an effect size? What information does a researcher gain by computing an effect size? Can that information be used to compare results across research studies? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

An effect size is a measure used in stat

Question 12

Errors can occur in interpreting research results when

Accepted Answer

A)  the researchers do not consider possible alternative explanations for the results. 
B)  researchers generalize their results without supporting evidence. 
C)  the mean group score on a variable is assumed to be characteristic of all members of the group. 
D)  any of the above situations occur. 
A)  the researchers do not consider possible alternative explanations for the results. 
B)  researchers generalize their results without supporting evidence. 
C)  the mean group score on a variable is assumed to be characteristic of all members of the group. 
D)  any of the above situations occur.

Question 13

Dr. Mischel concluded that her independent variable did not have effect on the dependent variable when, in the population, the independent did have an effect. Dr. Mischel

Accepted Answer

A)  made a Type I error. 
B)  made a Type II error. 
C)  used an inappropriately large sample size. 
D)  both b and c 
A)  made a Type I error. 
B)  made a Type II error. 
C)  used an inappropriately large sample size. 
D)  both b and c

Question 14

A Type I error consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  proposing an incorrect hypothesis. 
B)  concluding from your sample data that the independent variable had no effect on the dependent variable when, in the population, the independent does have an effect. 
C)  concluding from your sample data that the independent variable had an effect on the dependent variable when, in the population, the independent does not have an effect. 
D)  using the wrong statistical test to analyze your data. 
A)  proposing an incorrect hypothesis. 
B)  concluding from your sample data that the independent variable had no effect on the dependent variable when, in the population, the independent does have an effect. 
C)  concluding from your sample data that the independent variable had an effect on the dependent variable when, in the population, the independent does not have an effect. 
D)  using the wrong statistical test to analyze your data.

Question 15

Low statistical power in a study is a problem because

Accepted Answer

A)  it increases the probability of making a Type I error. 
B)  it increases the probability of making a Type II error. 
C)  if the results of the statistical test are not significant, one cannot draw any firm conclusions about whether or not the hypothesis was supported. 
D)  both b and c. 
A)  it increases the probability of making a Type I error. 
B)  it increases the probability of making a Type II error. 
C)  if the results of the statistical test are not significant, one cannot draw any firm conclusions about whether or not the hypothesis was supported. 
D)  both b and c.

Preparing and using an expected outcome diagram for a study can help the researcher determine the

Define the naturalistic fallacy and give an example of it.

Possible sources of Type II errors include

Prejudice against the null hypothesis exists because

The naturalistic fallacy is

Distinguish between the logical positivist and the social constructionist view of knowledge.

What is the conventional criterion level for determining whether a relationship is statistically significant? What does this criterion level indicate?

Which of the following statements about effect sizes is TRUE?

Visual representations of data can be useful because they

When identifying the implications of the results of a study, one should take into consideration

What is an effect size? What information does a researcher gain by computing an effect size? Can that information be used to compare results across research studies? Why or why not?

Errors can occur in interpreting research results when

Dr. Mischel concluded that her independent variable did not have effect on the dependent variable when, in the population, the independent did have an effect. Dr. Mischel

A Type I error consists of

Low statistical power in a study is a problem because

Behavioral Science

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

The Single-Case Research Strategy

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Literature Reviewing

Filters

Exam 18: Interpreting Research Results

Preparing and using an expected outcome diagram for a study can help the researcher determine the

Define the naturalistic fallacy and give an example of it.

Possible sources of Type II errors include

Prejudice against the null hypothesis exists because

The naturalistic fallacy is

Distinguish between the logical positivist and the social constructionist view of knowledge.

What is the conventional criterion level for determining whether a relationship is statistically significant? What does this criterion level indicate?

Which of the following statements about effect sizes is TRUE?

Visual representations of data can be useful because they

When identifying the implications of the results of a study, one should take into consideration

What is an effect size? What information does a researcher gain by computing an effect size? Can that information be used to compare results across research studies? Why or why not?

Errors can occur in interpreting research results when

Dr. Mischel concluded that her independent variable did not have effect on the dependent variable when, in the population, the independent did have an effect. Dr. Mischel

A Type I error consists of

Low statistical power in a study is a problem because

Behavioral Science

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

The Single-Case Research Strategy

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Literature Reviewing

Filters