Question 1

One limitation of a multiple baseline design is that

Accepted Answer

A)  history effects cannot be ruled out. 
B)  it can be difficult to find more than one behavior that will respond in the same way to the independent variable. 
C)  demand characteristics are more salient. 
D)  there are more threats to internal validity. 
A)  history effects cannot be ruled out. 
B)  it can be difficult to find more than one behavior that will respond in the same way to the independent variable. 
C)  demand characteristics are more salient. 
D)  there are more threats to internal validity.

Question 2

The C in an A-B-C-B single-case experimental design refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  an additional dependent variable added, then removed, part way through the treatment period. 
B)  adding a no-treatment period to compensate for the effect of an unstable initial baseline. 
C)  using multiple baselines so that having a reversal period is unnecessary. 
D)  adding an additional control condition to rule out alternative explanations for the effect of the independent variable. 
A)  an additional dependent variable added, then removed, part way through the treatment period. 
B)  adding a no-treatment period to compensate for the effect of an unstable initial baseline. 
C)  using multiple baselines so that having a reversal period is unnecessary. 
D)  adding an additional control condition to rule out alternative explanations for the effect of the independent variable.

Question 3

In single-case research, under what conditions is a treatment likely to be the most plausible cause of any observed change to a dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

In single-case research, a treatment is

Question 4

To enhance validity, measurement in single-case research should be

Accepted Answer

A)  subjective. 
B)  based on one or two assessments. 
C)  based on multiple sources of information. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  subjective. 
B)  based on one or two assessments. 
C)  based on multiple sources of information. 
D)  all of the above

Question 5

The______ is also known as the alternating treatments design.

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple baseline 
B)  reversal 
C)  changing criterion 
D)  simultaneous treatments 
A)  multiple baseline 
B)  reversal 
C)  changing criterion 
D)  simultaneous treatments

Question 6

An advantage of single-case research is that it can

Accepted Answer

A)  be placed in a social or historical context. 
B)  highlight cases that contradict accepted theories. 
C)  suggest hypotheses for future experimental research. 
D)  do all of the above 
A)  be placed in a social or historical context. 
B)  highlight cases that contradict accepted theories. 
C)  suggest hypotheses for future experimental research. 
D)  do all of the above

Question 7

In single case experiments, it is difficult to decide whether a given baseline is stable because

Accepted Answer

A)  different dependent variables can exhibit different levels of natural variability. 
B)  a given dependent variable might differ in variability across settings. 
C)  if a research setting is highly reactive, an initially unstable baseline might "smooth out" over time as the participant adjusts to the setting. 
D)  of all of these factors. 
A)  different dependent variables can exhibit different levels of natural variability. 
B)  a given dependent variable might differ in variability across settings. 
C)  if a research setting is highly reactive, an initially unstable baseline might "smooth out" over time as the participant adjusts to the setting. 
D)  of all of these factors.

Question 8

Describe the role of hypothesis confirmation and disconfirmation in designing a high-quality case study.

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis confirmation and disconfirmat

Question 9

Recently, there has been a renewed interested in single-case research. Which of the following is NOT a reason for this change?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most contemporary research has grown out of a cognitive perspective. 
B)  Today's clinical psychologists often use behavior modification techniques in their practice. 
C)  Group comparison research takes a short-term perspective and so is seen as irrelevant to practitioners who are interested in change over time. 
D)  Some researchers believe it is ethically questionable to assign clients to a no treatment control group. 
A)  Most contemporary research has grown out of a cognitive perspective. 
B)  Today's clinical psychologists often use behavior modification techniques in their practice. 
C)  Group comparison research takes a short-term perspective and so is seen as irrelevant to practitioners who are interested in change over time. 
D)  Some researchers believe it is ethically questionable to assign clients to a no treatment control group.

Question 10

In case study research, the advantage of using multiple dependent variables is that

Accepted Answer

A)  observed changes are less likely to be due to confounds. 
B)  a shorter baseline can be established. 
C)  acute rather than chronic dependent variables can be assessed. 
D)  you need fewer assessments of any of the included variables. 
A)  observed changes are less likely to be due to confounds. 
B)  a shorter baseline can be established. 
C)  acute rather than chronic dependent variables can be assessed. 
D)  you need fewer assessments of any of the included variables.

Question 11

Imagine you are planning a complex case study that requires several researchers. Describe the factors that are important to consider as you select your case study research team.

Accepted Answer

When selecting a case study research tea

Question 12

Data for single case research can include

Accepted Answer

A)  the behavior of research participants. 
B)  information from non-researchers who have the opportunity to observe the behavior of research participants. 
C)  official records, such as school reports about the research participants. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  the behavior of research participants. 
B)  information from non-researchers who have the opportunity to observe the behavior of research participants. 
C)  official records, such as school reports about the research participants. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 13

The data collection plan for a case study

Accepted Answer

A)  links each dependent variable to its operational definition. 
B)  lists the sources of information available for each operational definition. 
C)  specifies when data are to be collected from each source of information. 
D)  does all of the above. 
A)  links each dependent variable to its operational definition. 
B)  lists the sources of information available for each operational definition. 
C)  specifies when data are to be collected from each source of information. 
D)  does all of the above.

Question 14

In single-case experiments, a multiple baseline design can be used to control for ________ as a threat to internal validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  history 
B)  statistical regression 
C)  reactivity 
D)  instrumentation change 
A)  history 
B)  statistical regression 
C)  reactivity 
D)  instrumentation change

Question 15

It is important to maintain a clear chain of evidence in a case study because doing so

Accepted Answer

A)  ensures that the data were collected as specified in the data collection plan. 
B)  provides clear linkages between the conclusions drawn from the study and the evidence that supports those conclusions. 
C)  ensures that all the relevant data were collected. 
D)  does all of the above. 
A)  ensures that the data were collected as specified in the data collection plan. 
B)  provides clear linkages between the conclusions drawn from the study and the evidence that supports those conclusions. 
C)  ensures that all the relevant data were collected. 
D)  does all of the above.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the treatment used in single-case research is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ideally, the researcher should manipulate the treatment like an independent variable. 
B)  The researcher and the research participant should collaborate to develop the most effective treatment plan. 
C)  Researchers much ensure that the treatment is implemented exactly as designed, with no deviations. 
D)  If the treatment it theory-based, it should be designed to include all elements that the theory holds to be essential for success. 
A)  Ideally, the researcher should manipulate the treatment like an independent variable. 
B)  The researcher and the research participant should collaborate to develop the most effective treatment plan. 
C)  Researchers much ensure that the treatment is implemented exactly as designed, with no deviations. 
D)  If the treatment it theory-based, it should be designed to include all elements that the theory holds to be essential for success.

Question 17

What is an embedded case study? When would it be used?

Accepted Answer

An embedded case study is a type of case

Question 18

In a single case study, a trend is established if scores on the dependent variable _______ across the baseline period.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase 
B)  decrease 
C)  do not change 
D)  a or b, but not c 
A)  increase 
B)  decrease 
C)  do not change 
D)  a or b, but not c

Question 19

An A-B single case experimental design is used when

Accepted Answer

A)  there is too little time to conduct an A-B-A design. 
B)  removal of the treatment might result in harm. 
C)  the use of multiple baselines makes a reversal period unnecessary. 
D)  the use of additional control measures makes a reversal period unnecessary. 
A)  there is too little time to conduct an A-B-A design. 
B)  removal of the treatment might result in harm. 
C)  the use of multiple baselines makes a reversal period unnecessary. 
D)  the use of additional control measures makes a reversal period unnecessary.

Question 20

In single case experiments, an unstable baseline is problematic because

Accepted Answer

A)  it indicates that errors have been made in assessing the dependent variable. 
B)  any changes that occur after the introduction of the treatment might be due to either the treatment or to natural changes in the dependent variable. 
C)  it suggests the presence of a history confound. 
D)  it suggests the research participant is enacting the "bad participant" role. 
A)  it indicates that errors have been made in assessing the dependent variable. 
B)  any changes that occur after the introduction of the treatment might be due to either the treatment or to natural changes in the dependent variable. 
C)  it suggests the presence of a history confound. 
D)  it suggests the research participant is enacting the "bad participant" role.

One limitation of a multiple baseline design is that

The C in an A-B-C-B single-case experimental design refers to

In single-case research, under what conditions is a treatment likely to be the most plausible cause of any observed change to a dependent variable?

To enhance validity, measurement in single-case research should be

The______ is also known as the alternating treatments design.

An advantage of single-case research is that it can

In single case experiments, it is difficult to decide whether a given baseline is stable because

Describe the role of hypothesis confirmation and disconfirmation in designing a high-quality case study.

Recently, there has been a renewed interested in single-case research. Which of the following is NOT a reason for this change?

In case study research, the advantage of using multiple dependent variables is that

Imagine you are planning a complex case study that requires several researchers. Describe the factors that are important to consider as you select your case study research team.

Data for single case research can include

The data collection plan for a case study

In single-case experiments, a multiple baseline design can be used to control for ________ as a threat to internal validity.

It is important to maintain a clear chain of evidence in a case study because doing so

Which of the following statements about the treatment used in single-case research is FALSE?

What is an embedded case study? When would it be used?

In a single case study, a trend is established if scores on the dependent variable _______ across the baseline period.

An A-B single case experimental design is used when

In single case experiments, an unstable baseline is problematic because

Behavioral Science

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters

Exam 13: The Single-Case Research Strategy

One limitation of a multiple baseline design is that

The C in an A-B-C-B single-case experimental design refers to

In single-case research, under what conditions is a treatment likely to be the most plausible cause of any observed change to a dependent variable?

To enhance validity, measurement in single-case research should be

The______ is also known as the alternating treatments design.

An advantage of single-case research is that it can

In single case experiments, it is difficult to decide whether a given baseline is stable because

Describe the role of hypothesis confirmation and disconfirmation in designing a high-quality case study.

Recently, there has been a renewed interested in single-case research. Which of the following is NOT a reason for this change?

In case study research, the advantage of using multiple dependent variables is that

Imagine you are planning a complex case study that requires several researchers. Describe the factors that are important to consider as you select your case study research team.

Data for single case research can include

The data collection plan for a case study

In single-case experiments, a multiple baseline design can be used to control for ________ as a threat to internal validity.

It is important to maintain a clear chain of evidence in a case study because doing so

Which of the following statements about the treatment used in single-case research is FALSE?

What is an embedded case study? When would it be used?

In a single case study, a trend is established if scores on the dependent variable _______ across the baseline period.

An A-B single case experimental design is used when

In single case experiments, an unstable baseline is problematic because

Behavioral Science

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters