Question 1

In the context of single-case experiments, a reversal design consists of a

Accepted Answer

A)  baseline period followed by a treatment period followed by a no-treatment period. 
B)  baseline period followed by a treatment period followed by a period during which a different treatment is applied. 
C)  treatment period followed by a no-treatment period followed by another treatment period. 
D)  baseline period followed by a treatment period followed by another treatment designed to counteract the first treatment 
A)  baseline period followed by a treatment period followed by a no-treatment period. 
B)  baseline period followed by a treatment period followed by a period during which a different treatment is applied. 
C)  treatment period followed by a no-treatment period followed by another treatment period. 
D)  baseline period followed by a treatment period followed by another treatment designed to counteract the first treatment

Question 2

If you wanted to compare the effects of two or more treatments in a single-case experiment, you would use a ________ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple baseline 
B)  reversal 
C)  changing criterion 
D)  simultaneous treatments 
A)  multiple baseline 
B)  reversal 
C)  changing criterion 
D)  simultaneous treatments

Question 3

List three concerns group comparison researchers have raised about single-case research. How have single-case researchers responded to those concerns?

Accepted Answer

Group comparison researchers have raised

Question 4

To answer the question of whether an independent variable has an effect in a single case experiment, researchers primarily look at

Accepted Answer

A)  magnitude. 
B)  impact. 
C)  agency. 
D)  consequences 
A)  magnitude. 
B)  impact. 
C)  agency. 
D)  consequences

Question 5

What is a multiple baseline single-case experimental design? Why would a researcher choose this design?

Accepted Answer

A multiple baseline single-case experime

Question 6

Data for single case research can include

Accepted Answer

A)  official records of organizations. 
B)  artifacts (things people produce either intentionally or unintentionally). 
C)  documents other than official records, such as emails. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  official records of organizations. 
B)  artifacts (things people produce either intentionally or unintentionally). 
C)  documents other than official records, such as emails. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 7

In the context single case research, pattern matching refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  starting with a theory and seeing if the data support predictions made by the theory. 
B)  examining a graph of the data to decide if the treatment had an effect on the dependent variable 
C)  examining the data to find patterns that emerge from them; these patterns then suggest hypotheses that explain the process being studied. 
D)  conducting statistical analyses to determine if the pattern of the dependent variable changed after the introduction of the treatment. 
A)  starting with a theory and seeing if the data support predictions made by the theory. 
B)  examining a graph of the data to decide if the treatment had an effect on the dependent variable 
C)  examining the data to find patterns that emerge from them; these patterns then suggest hypotheses that explain the process being studied. 
D)  conducting statistical analyses to determine if the pattern of the dependent variable changed after the introduction of the treatment.

Question 8

In single case experiments, a baseline trend in the direction of the expected effect of the treatment

Accepted Answer

A)  provides additional data in support of the effectiveness of the treatment. 
B)  indicates that one or more errors have been made in assessing the dependent variable. 
C)  provides an alternative explanation for the effect of the treatment. 
D)  suggests that the baseline period should be extended until the trend disappears. 
A)  provides additional data in support of the effectiveness of the treatment. 
B)  indicates that one or more errors have been made in assessing the dependent variable. 
C)  provides an alternative explanation for the effect of the treatment. 
D)  suggests that the baseline period should be extended until the trend disappears.

Question 9

By the 1960s, the group-comparison approach that had been used in clinical psychology for the prior two decades began to lose favor among some psychologists. Their objections to the use of the group-comparison approach included

Accepted Answer

A)  questioning whether it was ethical to withhold or delay treatment for members of no-treatment control groups. 
B)  the fact that for rare diagnoses it was often impossible to the find the relatively large number of patients required for group-comparison research. 
C)  noting that clinical practice focuses on individuals, so clinical research should focus on individual behavior. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  questioning whether it was ethical to withhold or delay treatment for members of no-treatment control groups. 
B)  the fact that for rare diagnoses it was often impossible to the find the relatively large number of patients required for group-comparison research. 
C)  noting that clinical practice focuses on individuals, so clinical research should focus on individual behavior. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 10

The A in an A-B-A single case experimental design refers to periods during which

Accepted Answer

A)  the treatment is not being applied. 
B)  the treatment is being applied. 
C)  the dependent variable is not being assessed. 
D)  both a and c. 
A)  the treatment is not being applied. 
B)  the treatment is being applied. 
C)  the dependent variable is not being assessed. 
D)  both a and c.

Question 11

Explain how the impact of the treatment variable can be used to address possible threats to internal validity in single-case research.

Accepted Answer

In single-case research, the impact of t

Question 12

Single-case research in clinical psychology is especially vulnerable to which threat(s) to internal validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  statistical regression 
D)  all of the above 
A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  statistical regression 
D)  all of the above

Question 13

Which of the following threats to internal validity is LEAST likely to be of concern in single-case research?

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumentation 
B)  history 
C)  maturation 
D)  statistical regression 
A)  instrumentation 
B)  history 
C)  maturation 
D)  statistical regression

Question 14

The cases to be studied in single-case research should be selected

Accepted Answer

A)  based on their relevance for the hypothesis to be tested. 
B)  randomly from the general population. 
C)  randomly from whatever groups of people are available to the researcher. 
D)  based on their similarity to the "average" person in the population. 
A)  based on their relevance for the hypothesis to be tested. 
B)  randomly from the general population. 
C)  randomly from whatever groups of people are available to the researcher. 
D)  based on their similarity to the "average" person in the population.

Question 15

Describe a study that uses an A-B-A single-case experimental design.

Accepted Answer

An example of a study that uses an A-B-A

Question 16

Describe the treatment conditions that lead to greater control in single-case research.

Accepted Answer

In single-case research, greater control

Question 17

Most single-case experimental research tends to use the ________ modality of measurement.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-report 
B)  behavioral 
C)  physiological 
D)  implicit cognition 
A)  self-report 
B)  behavioral 
C)  physiological 
D)  implicit cognition

Question 18

Describe a well-formulated data collection plan. What information should be identified in that plan?

Accepted Answer

A well-formulated data collection plan s

Question 19

Case studies can be used to

Accepted Answer

A)  describe the events that take place in a situation. 
B)  test hypotheses. 
C)  evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. 
D)  do any of the above. 
A)  describe the events that take place in a situation. 
B)  test hypotheses. 
C)  evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. 
D)  do any of the above.

Question 20

This type of pattern indicates how aspects of behavior in a single case experiment are related to each other.

Accepted Answer

A)  consequences 
B)  structure 
C)  process 
D)  magnitude 
A)  consequences 
B)  structure 
C)  process 
D)  magnitude

In the context of single-case experiments, a reversal design consists of a

If you wanted to compare the effects of two or more treatments in a single-case experiment, you would use a ________ design.

List three concerns group comparison researchers have raised about single-case research. How have single-case researchers responded to those concerns?

To answer the question of whether an independent variable has an effect in a single case experiment, researchers primarily look at

What is a multiple baseline single-case experimental design? Why would a researcher choose this design?

Data for single case research can include

In the context single case research, pattern matching refers to

In single case experiments, a baseline trend in the direction of the expected effect of the treatment

By the 1960s, the group-comparison approach that had been used in clinical psychology for the prior two decades began to lose favor among some psychologists. Their objections to the use of the group-comparison approach included

The A in an A-B-A single case experimental design refers to periods during which

Explain how the impact of the treatment variable can be used to address possible threats to internal validity in single-case research.

Single-case research in clinical psychology is especially vulnerable to which threat(s) to internal validity?

Which of the following threats to internal validity is LEAST likely to be of concern in single-case research?

The cases to be studied in single-case research should be selected

Describe a study that uses an A-B-A single-case experimental design.

Describe the treatment conditions that lead to greater control in single-case research.

Most single-case experimental research tends to use the ________ modality of measurement.

Describe a well-formulated data collection plan. What information should be identified in that plan?

Case studies can be used to

This type of pattern indicates how aspects of behavior in a single case experiment are related to each other.

Behavioral Science

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters

Exam 13: The Single-Case Research Strategy

In the context of single-case experiments, a reversal design consists of a

If you wanted to compare the effects of two or more treatments in a single-case experiment, you would use a ________ design.

List three concerns group comparison researchers have raised about single-case research. How have single-case researchers responded to those concerns?

To answer the question of whether an independent variable has an effect in a single case experiment, researchers primarily look at

What is a multiple baseline single-case experimental design? Why would a researcher choose this design?

Data for single case research can include

In the context single case research, pattern matching refers to

In single case experiments, a baseline trend in the direction of the expected effect of the treatment

By the 1960s, the group-comparison approach that had been used in clinical psychology for the prior two decades began to lose favor among some psychologists. Their objections to the use of the group-comparison approach included

The A in an A-B-A single case experimental design refers to periods during which

Explain how the impact of the treatment variable can be used to address possible threats to internal validity in single-case research.

Single-case research in clinical psychology is especially vulnerable to which threat(s) to internal validity?

Which of the following threats to internal validity is LEAST likely to be of concern in single-case research?

The cases to be studied in single-case research should be selected

Describe a study that uses an A-B-A single-case experimental design.

Describe the treatment conditions that lead to greater control in single-case research.

Most single-case experimental research tends to use the ________ modality of measurement.

Describe a well-formulated data collection plan. What information should be identified in that plan?

Case studies can be used to

This type of pattern indicates how aspects of behavior in a single case experiment are related to each other.

Behavioral Science

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Field Research

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters