Question 1

Compared to laboratory studies, field studies are less susceptible to publication bias because they

Accepted Answer

A)  use multiple dependent variables. 
B)  are expensive to conduct and so cannot be easily repeated. 
C)  have higher incidences of Type I error. 
D)  have all of the above characteristics. 
A)  use multiple dependent variables. 
B)  are expensive to conduct and so cannot be easily repeated. 
C)  have higher incidences of Type I error. 
D)  have all of the above characteristics.

Question 2

Explain why a sample of participants in field research might not be representative of the population of interest. Give an example that illustrates these reasons.

Accepted Answer

A sample of participants in field resear

Question 3

Which of the following statements about nonequivalent control group designs is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  If the study is well designed, it is likely to provide results similar to those of true experiments. 
B)  Although it is desirable to have multiple groups within the experimental and control conditions of a nonequivalent control group quasi-experiment, there is no practical way to analyze the data from such a design. 
C)  Even a well-designed study will often provide results that differ from a true experiment that tests the same hypothesis. 
D)  Because the study is conducted in a natural setting, there is no need to replicate the findings. 
A)  If the study is well designed, it is likely to provide results similar to those of true experiments. 
B)  Although it is desirable to have multiple groups within the experimental and control conditions of a nonequivalent control group quasi-experiment, there is no practical way to analyze the data from such a design. 
C)  Even a well-designed study will often provide results that differ from a true experiment that tests the same hypothesis. 
D)  Because the study is conducted in a natural setting, there is no need to replicate the findings.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about field experiments is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because of the requirement for informed consent, participants in field experiments are almost always aware that they are taking part in research. 
B)  Field experiments rarely involve deception. 
C)  Compared to laboratory researchers, field researchers have less control over assigning participants to conditions of the independent variable. 
D)  The participants in field experiments are drawn from representative samples of the population. 
A)  Because of the requirement for informed consent, participants in field experiments are almost always aware that they are taking part in research. 
B)  Field experiments rarely involve deception. 
C)  Compared to laboratory researchers, field researchers have less control over assigning participants to conditions of the independent variable. 
D)  The participants in field experiments are drawn from representative samples of the population.

Question 5

In general, ______ makes for a better coding system.

Accepted Answer

A)  having fewer categories 
B)  coding latent content 
C)  using a single coder 
D)  using rating scales 
A)  having fewer categories 
B)  coding latent content 
C)  using a single coder 
D)  using rating scales

Question 6

In a ________, members of one group are assigned to the experimental condition and members of a similar group are assigned to the control condition.

Accepted Answer

A)  natural experiment 
B)  nonequivalent control group design. 
C)  patched-up quasi experiment. 
D)  control series design. 
A)  natural experiment 
B)  nonequivalent control group design. 
C)  patched-up quasi experiment. 
D)  control series design.

Question 7

In a patched-up quasi-experimental design, researchers

Accepted Answer

A)  choose two existing groups of people, one of which is randomly assigned to the experimental group and the other to the control group. 
B)  observe a dependent variable over extended periods of time both before and after a treatment is instituted to detect changes associated with the treatment. 
C)  select a control group after data have been collected to control for holes in the internal validity of a natural or quasi-experiment 
D)  add a pretest to determine whether there are preexisting differences between the experimental and the control group. 
A)  choose two existing groups of people, one of which is randomly assigned to the experimental group and the other to the control group. 
B)  observe a dependent variable over extended periods of time both before and after a treatment is instituted to detect changes associated with the treatment. 
C)  select a control group after data have been collected to control for holes in the internal validity of a natural or quasi-experiment 
D)  add a pretest to determine whether there are preexisting differences between the experimental and the control group.

Question 8

Describe how preexisting differences between the experimental and the control group can affect interpretation of a quasi-experiment.

Accepted Answer

Preexisting differences between the expe

Question 9

Describe the stressors that observers might experience in a participant observation study. What can researchers do to reduce those stressors?

Accepted Answer

Observers in a participant observation s

Question 10

Name three ways researchers can increase their confidence in the results of a non-equivalent control group design.

Accepted Answer

1. Randomization: Researchers can increa

Question 11

Which of the following statements about field research is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is almost always possible to randomly assign participants to conditions of the independent variable. 
B)  Because the ecological validity of field research is inherently high, it is not necessary to try to replicate field research findings. 
C)  Compared to laboratory research, field research provides a larger choice of operational definitions for independent and dependent variables. 
D)  Like laboratory research, research conducted in natural settings may be based on unrepresentative samples of the population. 
A)  It is almost always possible to randomly assign participants to conditions of the independent variable. 
B)  Because the ecological validity of field research is inherently high, it is not necessary to try to replicate field research findings. 
C)  Compared to laboratory research, field research provides a larger choice of operational definitions for independent and dependent variables. 
D)  Like laboratory research, research conducted in natural settings may be based on unrepresentative samples of the population.

Question 12

Professor Higgins compared the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans who were stationed in Iraq to those who were in the military at the same time, but were stationed elsewhere. Professor Higgins conducted a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  field experiment. 
B)  quasi-experiment 
C)  observational experiment 
D)  natural experiment. 
A)  field experiment. 
B)  quasi-experiment 
C)  observational experiment 
D)  natural experiment.

Question 13

This type of interrupted times series design adds one or more control cases.

Accepted Answer

A)  nested time sample 
B)  patched-up quasi experiment 
C)  equivalent time samples 
D)  control series design 
A)  nested time sample 
B)  patched-up quasi experiment 
C)  equivalent time samples 
D)  control series design

Question 14

Keeping accurate records in participant observation studies can be a problem because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is not always possible to record events as they happen. 
B)  observers may interpret events to conform with what they already believe about the situation being observed. 
C)  people have mental scripts that provide them with a framework for remembering things, so that memory tends to follow the script even when the actual event departs from it. 
D)  of all of these factors. 
A)  it is not always possible to record events as they happen. 
B)  observers may interpret events to conform with what they already believe about the situation being observed. 
C)  people have mental scripts that provide them with a framework for remembering things, so that memory tends to follow the script even when the actual event departs from it. 
D)  of all of these factors.

Question 15

A _________ experiment achieves balance between control and naturalism by studying people's natural responses to an independent variable that experimenter chose and manipulated.

Accepted Answer

A)  natural 
B)  field 
C)  counterbalanced 
D)  time series 
A)  natural 
B)  field 
C)  counterbalanced 
D)  time series

Question 16

The interrupted time series quasi-experimental design involves

Accepted Answer

A)  making one observation immediately before and one observation immediately after a treatment is instituted. 
B)  using time as a dependent variable in a quasi-experiment. 
C)  making observations over extended periods of time both before and after a treatment is instituted. 
D)  comparing treatment and control groups over an extended period of time. 
A)  making one observation immediately before and one observation immediately after a treatment is instituted. 
B)  using time as a dependent variable in a quasi-experiment. 
C)  making observations over extended periods of time both before and after a treatment is instituted. 
D)  comparing treatment and control groups over an extended period of time.

Question 17

Nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental designs often include a pretest. The pretest is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  determine which participants will be assigned to the experimental group and which participants will be assigned to the control group. 
B)  ensure that all participants are familiar with the procedures to be used in the study. 
C)  avoid testing confounds. 
D)  ensure that members of the experimental and control groups score similarly on the dependent variable before the independent variable is introduced. 
A)  determine which participants will be assigned to the experimental group and which participants will be assigned to the control group. 
B)  ensure that all participants are familiar with the procedures to be used in the study. 
C)  avoid testing confounds. 
D)  ensure that members of the experimental and control groups score similarly on the dependent variable before the independent variable is introduced.

Question 18

Explain how a control series design expands the interrupted time series design.

Accepted Answer

A control series design expands the inte

Question 19

In observational research, reactivity is most likely to be a problem if

Accepted Answer

A)  covert observations are used. 
B)  the behaviors to be observed are not socially acceptable. 
C)  nonparticipant observations are recorded. 
D)  verbatim responses are recorded. 
A)  covert observations are used. 
B)  the behaviors to be observed are not socially acceptable. 
C)  nonparticipant observations are recorded. 
D)  verbatim responses are recorded.

Question 20

How are studies that use naturalistic observation different from natural experiments?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation and natural exp

Compared to laboratory studies, field studies are less susceptible to publication bias because they

Explain why a sample of participants in field research might not be representative of the population of interest. Give an example that illustrates these reasons.

Which of the following statements about nonequivalent control group designs is TRUE?

Which of the following statements about field experiments is TRUE?

In general, ______ makes for a better coding system.

In a ________, members of one group are assigned to the experimental condition and members of a similar group are assigned to the control condition.

In a patched-up quasi-experimental design, researchers

Describe how preexisting differences between the experimental and the control group can affect interpretation of a quasi-experiment.

Describe the stressors that observers might experience in a participant observation study. What can researchers do to reduce those stressors?

Name three ways researchers can increase their confidence in the results of a non-equivalent control group design.

Which of the following statements about field research is TRUE?

Professor Higgins compared the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans who were stationed in Iraq to those who were in the military at the same time, but were stationed elsewhere. Professor Higgins conducted a(n)

This type of interrupted times series design adds one or more control cases.

Keeping accurate records in participant observation studies can be a problem because

A _________ experiment achieves balance between control and naturalism by studying people's natural responses to an independent variable that experimenter chose and manipulated.

The interrupted time series quasi-experimental design involves

Nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental designs often include a pretest. The pretest is used to

Explain how a control series design expands the interrupted time series design.

In observational research, reactivity is most likely to be a problem if

How are studies that use naturalistic observation different from natural experiments?

Behavioral Science

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

The Single-Case Research Strategy

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters

Exam 10: Field Research

Compared to laboratory studies, field studies are less susceptible to publication bias because they

Explain why a sample of participants in field research might not be representative of the population of interest. Give an example that illustrates these reasons.

Which of the following statements about nonequivalent control group designs is TRUE?

Which of the following statements about field experiments is TRUE?

In general, ______ makes for a better coding system.

In a ________, members of one group are assigned to the experimental condition and members of a similar group are assigned to the control condition.

In a patched-up quasi-experimental design, researchers

Describe how preexisting differences between the experimental and the control group can affect interpretation of a quasi-experiment.

Describe the stressors that observers might experience in a participant observation study. What can researchers do to reduce those stressors?

Name three ways researchers can increase their confidence in the results of a non-equivalent control group design.

Which of the following statements about field research is TRUE?

Professor Higgins compared the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans who were stationed in Iraq to those who were in the military at the same time, but were stationed elsewhere. Professor Higgins conducted a(n)

This type of interrupted times series design adds one or more control cases.

Keeping accurate records in participant observation studies can be a problem because

A _________ experiment achieves balance between control and naturalism by studying people's natural responses to an independent variable that experimenter chose and manipulated.

The interrupted time series quasi-experimental design involves

Nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental designs often include a pretest. The pretest is used to

Explain how a control series design expands the interrupted time series design.

In observational research, reactivity is most likely to be a problem if

How are studies that use naturalistic observation different from natural experiments?

Behavioral Science

Research Strategies: an Overview

The Ethical Treatment of Research Participants

The Professional and Social Responsibilities of Scientists

Formulating a Research Question

Developing a Measurement Strategy

The Internal Validity of Research

The External Validity of Research

True Experiments

Correlational Designs

Factor Analysis, Path Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling

The Single-Case Research Strategy

Qualitative Research and Interviewing, Rachel Kraus, Ball State University

Survey Research

Evaluation Research

Data Collection

Interpreting Research Results

Literature Reviewing

Filters