Chat with AIExam 10: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
Discuss the influences of culture, gender, and ethnicity on self-esteem in middle childhood.
(36) 
VerifiedAn especially strong emphasis on social comparison in school may explain why Chinese and Japanese children, despite their higher academic achievement, score lower than U.S. children in self-esteem. And because their cultures value social harmony, Asian children tend to be reserved in positive self-judgments but generous in praise of others. Gender-stereotyped expectations also affect self-esteem. By the end of middle childhood, girls feel less confident than boys about their physical appearance and athletic abilities. In academic self-judgments, girls score higher in language arts self-esteem, whereas boys have higher math and science self-esteem-even when children of equal skill levels are compared. At the same time, girls exceed boys in self-esteem dimensions of close friendship and social acceptance. Compared with their European-American agemates, African-American children tend to have slightly higher self-esteem, possibly because of warm extended families and a stronger sense of ethnic pride. Finally, children and adolescents who attend schools or live in neighborhoods where their SES and ethnic groups are well-represented feel a stronger sense of belonging and have fewer self-esteem problems.
Which statement about child sexual abuse is true?
(38) VerifiedC
When Gwen does not do as well as Lela on a math test, she says, "Lela got lucky. I know I'm the best math student in the class and I studied for two nights!" Gwen is using __________.
(29) VerifiedA
The children in Nadine's class are asked to identify classmates whom they like most or like least. Nadine receives the highest number of votes, part of which are positive and part of which are negative. Nadine is a __________ child.
(41) Describe development in middle childhood of only children in the United States and China.
(38) Compared to children with siblings, only children tend to __________.
(35) Research demonstrates that in the United States, compared to children with siblings, only children __________.
(37) Mr. and Mrs. Rodriguez want to foster a positive, secure self-image in their son. Which approach would you suggest?
(36) When classmates are asked to rate each other's likability, __________ children get many positive votes, whereas __________ children are seldom mentioned.
(28) Six-year-old Mora regularly complains of nausea and stomachaches in the morning before school. She cries and refuses to get on the bus. In one-third of children like Mora with school refusal, the real fear is __________.
(30) When John succeeds, his father says, "You're so smart!" However, when he fails, his father says, "You can't do that, can you? It's okay if you quit." John's father's messages could play a key role in John's adoption of a __________.
(29) In __________ coping, children appraise the situation as changeable, identify the difficulty, and decide what to do about it.
(30) Natasha's parents are indulgent. As a result, she probably __________.
(37) Beginning in middle childhood, a common fear is __________.
(31) Shauntae's mom is marrying a man with two small children. The five of them will live together in Shauntae's house as a(n) __________ family.
(27) During the school years, once a friendship forms, __________ becomes its defining feature.
(37) Marlena is enrolled in an intervention program that encourages learned-helpless children to believe that they can overcome failure by exerting more effort. This approach is known as __________.
(29) Erikson's sense of __________ combines several developments of middle childhood: a positive but realistic self-concept, pride in accomplishment, moral responsibility, and cooperative participation with agemates.
(32) 
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