Question 1

According to Erikson, when parents are over- or undercontrolling, the outcome is a child who __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  feels self-confident 
B)  acts competently on his own 
C)  asserts his independence 
D)  feels forced and shamed 
A)  feels self-confident 
B)  acts competently on his own 
C)  asserts his independence 
D)  feels forced and shamed D

Question 2

About half of individual differences in temperament have been attributed to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  socioeconomic status 
B)  genetic makeup 
C)  parenting styles 
D)  gender differences 
A)  socioeconomic status 
B)  genetic makeup 
C)  parenting styles 
D)  gender differences B

Question 3

When Reggie takes his baby son, Tyson, to his workplace for the first time, Reggie's assistant abruptly picks Tyson up and walks around the office. Tyson cries and reaches out for Reggie. Tyson is expressing __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sadness 
B)  stranger anxiety 
C)  separation anxiety 
D)  disgust 
A)  sadness 
B)  stranger anxiety 
C)  separation anxiety 
D)  disgust B

Question 4

Cross-cultural evidence indicates that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment patterns may have to be interpreted differently in certain cultures 
B)  babies in Mali show more avoidant attachment than American babies do 
C)  Japanese infants rarely show resistant attachment 
D)  there are no significant cultural variations in attachment patterns 
A)  attachment patterns may have to be interpreted differently in certain cultures 
B)  babies in Mali show more avoidant attachment than American babies do 
C)  Japanese infants rarely show resistant attachment 
D)  there are no significant cultural variations in attachment patterns

Question 5

During Bowlby's __________ phase, children negotiate with the caregiver, using requests and persuasion to alter their goals.

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of a reciprocal relationship 
B)  "attachment-in-the-making" 
C)  "clear-cut" attachment 
D)  preattachment 
A)  formation of a reciprocal relationship 
B)  "attachment-in-the-making" 
C)  "clear-cut" attachment 
D)  preattachment

Question 6

When anxious or unhappy, Baby Meredith prefers to be comforted by her mother. Tim, her father, is concerned that Meredith will not become attached to him. What information can you provide to reassure Tim?

Accepted Answer

Although John Bowlby believed that infan

Question 7

Laughter reflects __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased sensitivity to object permanence 
B)  sensitivity to the human face 
C)  an infant's capacity to respond to passive stimuli 
D)  faster processing of information than smiling 
A)  increased sensitivity to object permanence 
B)  sensitivity to the human face 
C)  an infant's capacity to respond to passive stimuli 
D)  faster processing of information than smiling

Question 8

__________ is moderately related to attachment security in diverse cultures and SES groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  Goodness of fit 
B)  Social referencing 
C)  Interactional synchrony 
D)  Sensitive caregiving 
A)  Goodness of fit 
B)  Social referencing 
C)  Interactional synchrony 
D)  Sensitive caregiving

Question 9

Observation of which child would be most likely to provide a researcher with an accurate long-term prediction of temperament?

Accepted Answer

A)  Quinn, a newborn 
B)  Ava, age 1 year 
C)  Samantha, age 2 years 
D)  Tyson, age 4 years 
A)  Quinn, a newborn 
B)  Ava, age 1 year 
C)  Samantha, age 2 years 
D)  Tyson, age 4 years

Question 10

Infants engage in __________ by actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-control 
B)  give-and-take 
C)  emotional self-regulation 
D)  social referencing 
A)  self-control 
B)  give-and-take 
C)  emotional self-regulation 
D)  social referencing

Question 11

Around 3 months, babies __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  begin to use the familiar caregiver as a secure base 
B)  increase the frequency and intensity of their angry expressions 
C)  become sensitive to the structure and timing of face-to-face interactions 
D)  reach the peak of stranger anxiety, which then starts to decline 
A)  begin to use the familiar caregiver as a secure base 
B)  increase the frequency and intensity of their angry expressions 
C)  become sensitive to the structure and timing of face-to-face interactions 
D)  reach the peak of stranger anxiety, which then starts to decline

Question 12

Research on maternal depression shows that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  infants of depressed mothers have low levels of the stress hormone cortisol 
B)  it does not have a lasting impact on the infant, unless it persists for more than a year 
C)  most mothers with depression require long-term treatment for a full recovery 
D)  depressed mothers view their infants negatively, which contributes to their inept caregiving 
A)  infants of depressed mothers have low levels of the stress hormone cortisol 
B)  it does not have a lasting impact on the infant, unless it persists for more than a year 
C)  most mothers with depression require long-term treatment for a full recovery 
D)  depressed mothers view their infants negatively, which contributes to their inept caregiving

Question 13

Which statement about Jerome Kagan's longitudinal research on the stability of temperament is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The majority of babies in the study were easily upset by novelty. 
B)  Most children's dispositions became more extreme over time. 
C)  Most children's dispositions became less extreme over time. 
D)  About 50 to 70 percent of the extreme groups retained their temperamental styles as they grew older. 
A)  The majority of babies in the study were easily upset by novelty. 
B)  Most children's dispositions became more extreme over time. 
C)  Most children's dispositions became less extreme over time. 
D)  About 50 to 70 percent of the extreme groups retained their temperamental styles as they grew older.

Question 14

The Attachment Q-Sort __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  differentiates between types of insecurity 
B)  is less time-consuming than the Strange Situation 
C)  takes a baby through eight short episodes of separation and reunion 
D)  requires either a parent or an observer to categorize 90 descriptive behaviors 
A)  differentiates between types of insecurity 
B)  is less time-consuming than the Strange Situation 
C)  takes a baby through eight short episodes of separation and reunion 
D)  requires either a parent or an observer to categorize 90 descriptive behaviors

Question 15

Which of the following would be most likely to evoke Jasper's first laugh?

Accepted Answer

A)  his mother quietly singing to him while rocking him 
B)  his father saying "bababababa" as he strokes Jasper's arms 
C)  his brother playing a silent game of peekaboo 
D)  his sister saying "Here I come!" and kissing his tummy 
A)  his mother quietly singing to him while rocking him 
B)  his father saying "bababababa" as he strokes Jasper's arms 
C)  his brother playing a silent game of peekaboo 
D)  his sister saying "Here I come!" and kissing his tummy

Question 16

Mounting evidence indicates that __________ determines whether attachment security is linked to later development.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuity of caregiving 
B)  authoritarian parenting styles 
C)  the length of the parents' marriage 
D)  the amount of time the child spends with the mother 
A)  continuity of caregiving 
B)  authoritarian parenting styles 
C)  the length of the parents' marriage 
D)  the amount of time the child spends with the mother

Question 17

Temperament is often assessed through __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-reports and the clinical method 
B)  parental reports and interviews 
C)  delay-of-gratification tasks 
D)  Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation 
A)  self-reports and the clinical method 
B)  parental reports and interviews 
C)  delay-of-gratification tasks 
D)  Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation

Question 18

__________ refers to quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Temperament 
B)  Reactivity 
C)  Effortful control 
D)  Self-regulation 
A)  Temperament 
B)  Reactivity 
C)  Effortful control 
D)  Self-regulation

Question 19

In Bowlby's "clear-cut" attachment phase, babies display __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  separation anxiety 
B)  stranger anxiety 
C)  social referencing 
D)  goodness of fit 
A)  separation anxiety 
B)  stranger anxiety 
C)  social referencing 
D)  goodness of fit

Question 20

Self-conscious emotions __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are universal in humans and other primates 
B)  include happiness, surprise, interest, and sadness 
C)  involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self 
D)  typically appear in the middle of the first year of life 
A)  are universal in humans and other primates 
B)  include happiness, surprise, interest, and sadness 
C)  involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self 
D)  typically appear in the middle of the first year of life

According to Erikson, when parents are over- or undercontrolling, the outcome is a child who __________.

About half of individual differences in temperament have been attributed to __________.

When Reggie takes his baby son, Tyson, to his workplace for the first time, Reggie's assistant abruptly picks Tyson up and walks around the office. Tyson cries and reaches out for Reggie. Tyson is expressing __________.

Cross-cultural evidence indicates that __________.

During Bowlby's __________ phase, children negotiate with the caregiver, using requests and persuasion to alter their goals.

When anxious or unhappy, Baby Meredith prefers to be comforted by her mother. Tim, her father, is concerned that Meredith will not become attached to him. What information can you provide to reassure Tim?

Laughter reflects __________.

__________ is moderately related to attachment security in diverse cultures and SES groups.

Observation of which child would be most likely to provide a researcher with an accurate long-term prediction of temperament?

Infants engage in __________ by actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation.

Around 3 months, babies __________.

Research on maternal depression shows that __________.

Which statement about Jerome Kagan's longitudinal research on the stability of temperament is true?

The Attachment Q-Sort __________.

Which of the following would be most likely to evoke Jasper's first laugh?

Mounting evidence indicates that __________ determines whether attachment security is linked to later development.

Temperament is often assessed through __________.

__________ refers to quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.

In Bowlby's "clear-cut" attachment phase, babies display __________.

Self-conscious emotions __________.

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Bereavement

Filters

Exam 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

According to Erikson, when parents are over- or undercontrolling, the outcome is a child who __________.

About half of individual differences in temperament have been attributed to __________.

When Reggie takes his baby son, Tyson, to his workplace for the first time, Reggie's assistant abruptly picks Tyson up and walks around the office. Tyson cries and reaches out for Reggie. Tyson is expressing __________.

Cross-cultural evidence indicates that __________.

During Bowlby's __________ phase, children negotiate with the caregiver, using requests and persuasion to alter their goals.

When anxious or unhappy, Baby Meredith prefers to be comforted by her mother. Tim, her father, is concerned that Meredith will not become attached to him. What information can you provide to reassure Tim?

Laughter reflects __________.

__________ is moderately related to attachment security in diverse cultures and SES groups.

Observation of which child would be most likely to provide a researcher with an accurate long-term prediction of temperament?

Infants engage in __________ by actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation.

Around 3 months, babies __________.

Research on maternal depression shows that __________.

Which statement about Jerome Kagan's longitudinal research on the stability of temperament is true?

The Attachment Q-Sort __________.

Which of the following would be most likely to evoke Jasper's first laugh?

Mounting evidence indicates that __________ determines whether attachment security is linked to later development.

Temperament is often assessed through __________.

__________ refers to quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.

In Bowlby's "clear-cut" attachment phase, babies display __________.

Self-conscious emotions __________.

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Bereavement

Filters