Question 1

Define and describe ADLs and IADLs. What percentage of U.S. older adults have limitations carrying out these activities?

Accepted Answer

The majority of people age 65 and older are capable of living active, independent lives, but with age, growing numbers need assistance. After age 75, about 9 percent of Americans have difficulty carrying out activities of daily living (ADLs)-basic self-care tasks required to live on one's own, such as bathing, dressing, getting in and out of bed or a chair, or eating. And about 17 percent cannot carry out instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)-tasks necessary to conduct the business of daily life and also requiring some cognitive competence, such as telephoning, shopping, food preparation, housekeeping, and paying bills. The proportion of older adults with these limitations rises sharply with age.

Question 2

__________ is/are evident in up to 80 percent of adults after age 80.

Accepted Answer

A)  Macular degeneration 
B)  Foggy vision and cloudy lenses 
C)  Reduced sensitivity to taste 
D)  Hypersensitivity to touch 
A)  Macular degeneration 
B)  Foggy vision and cloudy lenses 
C)  Reduced sensitivity to taste 
D)  Hypersensitivity to touch C

Question 3

Research indicates that __________ has memory benefits and slows cognitive decline, at least in the short term, among older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormone therapy 
B)  insulin therapy 
C)  vitamin D 
D)  eating fatty foods 
A)  hormone therapy 
B)  insulin therapy 
C)  vitamin D 
D)  eating fatty foods B

Question 4

Robust centenarians are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sedentary and of stocky build 
B)  emotionally secure and tough-minded 
C)  dependent and emotionally insecure 
D)  not likely to be involved in the community 
A)  sedentary and of stocky build 
B)  emotionally secure and tough-minded 
C)  dependent and emotionally insecure 
D)  not likely to be involved in the community

Question 5

When speaking, older adults tend to __________ than younger people.

Accepted Answer

A)  use more pronouns 
B)  use clearer references 
C)  pause less often 
D)  use fewer word repetitions 
A)  use more pronouns 
B)  use clearer references 
C)  pause less often 
D)  use fewer word repetitions

Question 6

Once people pass __________ years, the contribution of heredity to length of life decreases in favor of environmental factors.

Accepted Answer

A)  45 to 50 
B)  55 to 60 
C)  65 to 70 
D)  75 to 80 
A)  45 to 50 
B)  55 to 60 
C)  65 to 70 
D)  75 to 80

Question 7

After age 80, a life expectancy crossover occurs, in that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  men outnumber women by a ratio of about 3 to 1 
B)  surviving European Americans live longer than African Americans 
C)  surviving African Americans live longer than members of the white majority 
D)  men's advantage in life expectancy shrinks to around 1 year 
A)  men outnumber women by a ratio of about 3 to 1 
B)  surviving European Americans live longer than African Americans 
C)  surviving African Americans live longer than members of the white majority 
D)  men's advantage in life expectancy shrinks to around 1 year

Question 8

Improved nutrition, medical treatment, sanitation, and safety have contributed to the dramatic gains in average __________ in the United States in the last 100 years.

Accepted Answer

A)  brain age 
B)  life expectancy 
C)  functional age 
D)  chronological age 
A)  brain age 
B)  life expectancy 
C)  functional age 
D)  chronological age

Question 9

__________ is associated with more rapid cognitive declines in older people and an elevated risk of dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoarthritis 
B)  Rheumatoid arthritis 
C)  Diabetes 
D)  Osteoporosis 
A)  Osteoarthritis 
B)  Rheumatoid arthritis 
C)  Diabetes 
D)  Osteoporosis

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of an event-based memory task?

Accepted Answer

A)  taking medicine when an alarm goes off 
B)  taking medicine every 4 to 6 hours 
C)  remembering to set the alarm at night 
D)  remembering a special event from the past, like high school graduation 
A)  taking medicine when an alarm goes off 
B)  taking medicine every 4 to 6 hours 
C)  remembering to set the alarm at night 
D)  remembering a special event from the past, like high school graduation

Question 11

Devices such as smart caps and sensor-activated room lights are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  too technically complicated to be useful to most older adults 
B)  cost-effective and available to most older adults in industrialized countries 
C)  not usually covered as essential medical equipment by U.S. medical insurance 
D)  considered invasions of privacy by the majority of older people with disabilities 
A)  too technically complicated to be useful to most older adults 
B)  cost-effective and available to most older adults in industrialized countries 
C)  not usually covered as essential medical equipment by U.S. medical insurance 
D)  considered invasions of privacy by the majority of older people with disabilities

Question 12

Which aging American is at the greatest risk for chronic health conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jaylen, an African American 
B)  Margot, a European American 
C)  Len, a Native American 
D)  Maria Luis, a Hispanic American 
A)  Jaylen, an African American 
B)  Margot, a European American 
C)  Len, a Native American 
D)  Maria Luis, a Hispanic American

Question 13

Low-SES older adults are __________ likely than higher-SES older adults to benefit from medical care because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  less; they are more likely to rely on holistic medicine 
B)  less; they are less optimistic that treatment will work 
C)  more; their medical care is paid for by the government 
D)  more; they are more trusting of the medical profession in general 
A)  less; they are more likely to rely on holistic medicine 
B)  less; they are less optimistic that treatment will work 
C)  more; their medical care is paid for by the government 
D)  more; they are more trusting of the medical profession in general

Question 14

More prevalent among women than men, __________ is the leading cause of dementia.

Accepted Answer

A)  cancer 
B)  cardiovascular disease 
C)  Alzheimer's disease 
D)  stroke 
A)  cancer 
B)  cardiovascular disease 
C)  Alzheimer's disease 
D)  stroke

Question 15

Frailty __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  leaves older people highly vulnerable in the face of infection, extreme temperatures, or injury 
B)  is mostly caused by primary rather than secondary aging 
C)  is a serious condition, but does not interfere with everyday competence 
D)  is entirely caused by secondary rather than primary aging 
A)  leaves older people highly vulnerable in the face of infection, extreme temperatures, or injury 
B)  is mostly caused by primary rather than secondary aging 
C)  is a serious condition, but does not interfere with everyday competence 
D)  is entirely caused by secondary rather than primary aging

Question 16

Which male has the lowest healthy life expectancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adrian from Sweden 
B)  Kurt from the United States 
C)  Aasif from Afghanistan 
D)  Emmanuel from Haiti 
A)  Adrian from Sweden 
B)  Kurt from the United States 
C)  Aasif from Afghanistan 
D)  Emmanuel from Haiti

Question 17

Which older adult is more likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Daniel, who is European American 
B)  Rudy, who is African American 
C)  Fe, who is Asian American 
D)  Ernesta, who is South American 
A)  Daniel, who is European American 
B)  Rudy, who is African American 
C)  Fe, who is Asian American 
D)  Ernesta, who is South American

Question 18

Assisted living __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is usually less homey than a traditional nursing home 
B)  can enhance residents' autonomy and life satisfaction 
C)  involves publicly funded in-home help for families 
D)  is usually more cost-prohibitive than institutionalization 
A)  is usually less homey than a traditional nursing home 
B)  can enhance residents' autonomy and life satisfaction 
C)  involves publicly funded in-home help for families 
D)  is usually more cost-prohibitive than institutionalization

Question 19

An accelerating falloff in cognitive performance or in emotional investment in life is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  unusual in healthy older adults 
B)  a sign of loss of vitality and impending death 
C)  expected in adults soon after age 100 
D)  due to disuse of skills rather than biological aging 
A)  unusual in healthy older adults 
B)  a sign of loss of vitality and impending death 
C)  expected in adults soon after age 100 
D)  due to disuse of skills rather than biological aging

Question 20

__________ especially decline in height because of a loss of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Men; lean body mass 
B)  Women; bone mineral content 
C)  Men; muscle and fat 
D)  Women; muscle and fat 
A)  Men; lean body mass 
B)  Women; bone mineral content 
C)  Men; muscle and fat 
D)  Women; muscle and fat

Define and describe ADLs and IADLs. What percentage of U.S. older adults have limitations carrying out these activities?

__________ is/are evident in up to 80 percent of adults after age 80.

Research indicates that __________ has memory benefits and slows cognitive decline, at least in the short term, among older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Robust centenarians are __________.

When speaking, older adults tend to __________ than younger people.

Once people pass __________ years, the contribution of heredity to length of life decreases in favor of environmental factors.

After age 80, a life expectancy crossover occurs, in that __________.

Improved nutrition, medical treatment, sanitation, and safety have contributed to the dramatic gains in average __________ in the United States in the last 100 years.

__________ is associated with more rapid cognitive declines in older people and an elevated risk of dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease.

Which of the following is an example of an event-based memory task?

Devices such as smart caps and sensor-activated room lights are __________.

Which aging American is at the greatest risk for chronic health conditions?

Low-SES older adults are likely than higher-SES older adults to benefit from medical care because .

More prevalent among women than men, __________ is the leading cause of dementia.

Frailty __________.

Which male has the lowest healthy life expectancy?

Which older adult is more likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes?

Assisted living __________.

An accelerating falloff in cognitive performance or in emotional investment in life is __________.

especially decline in height because of a loss of .

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Bereavement

Filters

Exam 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Define and describe ADLs and IADLs. What percentage of U.S. older adults have limitations carrying out these activities?

__________ is/are evident in up to 80 percent of adults after age 80.

Research indicates that __________ has memory benefits and slows cognitive decline, at least in the short term, among older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Robust centenarians are __________.

When speaking, older adults tend to __________ than younger people.

Once people pass __________ years, the contribution of heredity to length of life decreases in favor of environmental factors.

After age 80, a life expectancy crossover occurs, in that __________.

Improved nutrition, medical treatment, sanitation, and safety have contributed to the dramatic gains in average __________ in the United States in the last 100 years.

__________ is associated with more rapid cognitive declines in older people and an elevated risk of dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease.

Which of the following is an example of an event-based memory task?

Devices such as smart caps and sensor-activated room lights are __________.

Which aging American is at the greatest risk for chronic health conditions?

Low-SES older adults are __________ likely than higher-SES older adults to benefit from medical care because __________.

More prevalent among women than men, __________ is the leading cause of dementia.

Frailty __________.

Which male has the lowest healthy life expectancy?

Which older adult is more likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes?

Assisted living __________.

An accelerating falloff in cognitive performance or in emotional investment in life is __________.

__________ especially decline in height because of a loss of __________.

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Bereavement

Filters

Low-SES older adults are likely than higher-SES older adults to benefit from medical care because .

especially decline in height because of a loss of .