Question 1

The process by which an animal slowly shifts its circadian rhythm to synchronize with the time of sunrise each day is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process by which an animal slowly...

Question 2

Which mechanism has not been identified as a biological function of sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  Energy conservation 
B)  Niche adaptation 
C)  Restoration of brain and body 
D)  Brain rest 
A)  Energy conservation 
B)  Niche adaptation 
C)  Restoration of brain and body 
D)  Brain rest

Question 3

A scientist wants to conduct a study in which an animal brain is transected but REM sleep could continue to be measured in the cerebral cortex. Which region must remain connected to the cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  Basal forebrain 
B)  Optic chiasm 
C)  Spinal cord 
D)  Pons 
A)  Basal forebrain 
B)  Optic chiasm 
C)  Spinal cord 
D)  Pons

Question 4

Stage 3 sleep (SWS) is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  the periodic appearance of spindles. 
B)  low-voltage, high-frequency scalp EEG activity. 
C)  slow waves with a frequency of 10 Hz. 
D)  large-amplitude delta waves. 
A)  the periodic appearance of spindles. 
B)  low-voltage, high-frequency scalp EEG activity. 
C)  slow waves with a frequency of 10 Hz. 
D)  large-amplitude delta waves.

Question 5

Explain, using a diagram, the molecular basis of the circadian clock.

Accepted Answer

The circadian clock is a molecular mecha

Question 6

The cortical EEG pattern of the isolated forebrain animal is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  sustained SWS. 
B)  ongoing arousal. 
C)  alternating periods of arousal and sleep. 
D)  intense seizure activity. 
A)  sustained SWS. 
B)  ongoing arousal. 
C)  alternating periods of arousal and sleep. 
D)  intense seizure activity.

Question 7

How do REM sleep and total sleep change across the lifespan?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do REM sleep and total sleep...

Question 8

A sleeping person whose EEG shows vertex spikes is in the phase of _______ sleep.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A sleeping person whose EEG shows vertex...

Question 9

The human menstrual cycle provides an example of a(n) _______ rhythm, because it repeats less than once per day.

Accepted Answer

A)  infradian 
B)  ultradian 
C)  circadian 
D)  free-running 
A)  infradian 
B)  ultradian 
C)  circadian 
D)  free-running

Question 10

Newborn infants spend as much as _______ % of their sleep time in REM sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  20 
C)  50 
D)  80 
A)  5 
B)  20 
C)  50 
D)  80

Question 11

The incidence of insomnia is greatest in _______ in general, and in both men and women in _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  women; the later stages of life 
B)  men; the later stages of life 
C)  women; middle age 
D)  men; middle age 
A)  women; the later stages of life 
B)  men; the later stages of life 
C)  women; middle age 
D)  men; middle age

Question 12

Unlike in mammals, in birds the _______ is sensitive to light and may mediate entrainment of rhythms even after surgical removal of the eyes.

Accepted Answer

A)  SCN 
B)  pituitary 
C)  pineal gland 
D)  thalamus 
A)  SCN 
B)  pituitary 
C)  pineal gland 
D)  thalamus

Question 13

Sleep _______ is treated with vasopressin, which reduces urine production.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sleep _______ is treated with vasopressin, which...

Question 14

REM behavior disorder (RBD) may be reduced by drugs that

Accepted Answer

A)  reduce pain. 
B)  prevent REM sleep. 
C)  prevent stage 3 sleep (SWS). 
D)  reduce anxiety. 
A)  reduce pain. 
B)  prevent REM sleep. 
C)  prevent stage 3 sleep (SWS). 
D)  reduce anxiety.

Question 15

Outline the four hypotheses that attempt to explain the biological function of sleep, citing research evidence in each case.

Accepted Answer

1. The Restorative Hypothesis: This hypo

Question 16

A child wakes suddenly after sleeping for a couple of hours, is terrified and shows significant autonomic activity, such as a racing heart rate and dilated pupils. When questioned, the child cannot remember what frightened her. It is likely the child has just woken from _______ sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)  stage 1 
B)  stage 2 
C)  stage 3 
D)  REM 
A)  stage 1 
B)  stage 2 
C)  stage 3 
D)  REM

Question 17

Flaccidity in the large muscles of the body is associated most commonly with _______ sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)  stage 1 
B)  stage 3 
C)  REM 
D)  Both a and b 
A)  stage 1 
B)  stage 3 
C)  REM 
D)  Both a and b

Question 18

Differentiate circadian, ultradian and infradian rhythms, and provide an example of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Differentiate circadian, ultradian and infradian rhythms, and...

Question 19

The pineal gland of some birds and reptiles is referred to as a primitive "third eye" because

Accepted Answer

A)  it feeds light information to the eye. 
B)  the skull over the pineal gland is especially thin, so it can sense light. 
C)  it secretes the hormone melatonin, which is a metabolite of a hallucinogen. 
D)  it is the only unilateral structure in the brain. 
A)  it feeds light information to the eye. 
B)  the skull over the pineal gland is especially thin, so it can sense light. 
C)  it secretes the hormone melatonin, which is a metabolite of a hallucinogen. 
D)  it is the only unilateral structure in the brain.

Question 20

Describe the sleep patterns of infants, adults, and elderly people. Discuss why sleep patterns may change across the lifespan.

Accepted Answer

The sleep patterns of infants, adults, a

The process by which an animal slowly shifts its circadian rhythm to synchronize with the time of sunrise each day is called _______.

Which mechanism has not been identified as a biological function of sleep?

A scientist wants to conduct a study in which an animal brain is transected but REM sleep could continue to be measured in the cerebral cortex. Which region must remain connected to the cortex?

Stage 3 sleep (SWS) is characterized by

Explain, using a diagram, the molecular basis of the circadian clock.

The cortical EEG pattern of the isolated forebrain animal is characterized by

How do REM sleep and total sleep change across the lifespan?

A sleeping person whose EEG shows vertex spikes is in the phase of _______ sleep.

The human menstrual cycle provides an example of a(n) _______ rhythm, because it repeats less than once per day.

Newborn infants spend as much as _______ % of their sleep time in REM sleep.

The incidence of insomnia is greatest in _ in general, and in both men and women in _.

Unlike in mammals, in birds the _______ is sensitive to light and may mediate entrainment of rhythms even after surgical removal of the eyes.

Sleep _______ is treated with vasopressin, which reduces urine production.

REM behavior disorder (RBD) may be reduced by drugs that

Outline the four hypotheses that attempt to explain the biological function of sleep, citing research evidence in each case.

A child wakes suddenly after sleeping for a couple of hours, is terrified and shows significant autonomic activity, such as a racing heart rate and dilated pupils. When questioned, the child cannot remember what frightened her. It is likely the child has just woken from _______ sleep.

Flaccidity in the large muscles of the body is associated most commonly with _______ sleep.

Differentiate circadian, ultradian and infradian rhythms, and provide an example of each.

The pineal gland of some birds and reptiles is referred to as a primitive "third eye" because

Describe the sleep patterns of infants, adults, and elderly people. Discuss why sleep patterns may change across the lifespan.

Introduction: Building the Minds Machine

Cells and Structures: the Anatomy of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Generation, Transmission, and Integration of Neural Signals

The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology

Development of the Brain

The Sensorimotor System

Hearing, Balance, Taste, and Smell

Vision: From Eye to Brain

Hormones and Sex

Homeostasis: Active Regulation of the Internal Environment

Emotions, Aggression, and Stress

Psychopathology: The Biology of Behavioral Disorders

Memory, Learning, and Development

Attention and Higher Cognition

Language and Lateralization

Filters

Exam 11: Biological Rhythms and Sleep

The process by which an animal slowly shifts its circadian rhythm to synchronize with the time of sunrise each day is called _______.

Which mechanism has not been identified as a biological function of sleep?

A scientist wants to conduct a study in which an animal brain is transected but REM sleep could continue to be measured in the cerebral cortex. Which region must remain connected to the cortex?

Stage 3 sleep (SWS) is characterized by

Explain, using a diagram, the molecular basis of the circadian clock.

The cortical EEG pattern of the isolated forebrain animal is characterized by

How do REM sleep and total sleep change across the lifespan?

A sleeping person whose EEG shows vertex spikes is in the phase of _______ sleep.

The human menstrual cycle provides an example of a(n) _______ rhythm, because it repeats less than once per day.

Newborn infants spend as much as _______ % of their sleep time in REM sleep.

The incidence of insomnia is greatest in _______ in general, and in both men and women in _______.

Unlike in mammals, in birds the _______ is sensitive to light and may mediate entrainment of rhythms even after surgical removal of the eyes.

Sleep _______ is treated with vasopressin, which reduces urine production.

REM behavior disorder (RBD) may be reduced by drugs that

Outline the four hypotheses that attempt to explain the biological function of sleep, citing research evidence in each case.

A child wakes suddenly after sleeping for a couple of hours, is terrified and shows significant autonomic activity, such as a racing heart rate and dilated pupils. When questioned, the child cannot remember what frightened her. It is likely the child has just woken from _______ sleep.

Flaccidity in the large muscles of the body is associated most commonly with _______ sleep.

Differentiate circadian, ultradian and infradian rhythms, and provide an example of each.

The pineal gland of some birds and reptiles is referred to as a primitive "third eye" because

Describe the sleep patterns of infants, adults, and elderly people. Discuss why sleep patterns may change across the lifespan.

Introduction: Building the Minds Machine

Cells and Structures: the Anatomy of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Generation, Transmission, and Integration of Neural Signals

The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology

Development of the Brain

The Sensorimotor System

Hearing, Balance, Taste, and Smell

Vision: From Eye to Brain

Hormones and Sex

Homeostasis: Active Regulation of the Internal Environment

Emotions, Aggression, and Stress

Psychopathology: The Biology of Behavioral Disorders

Memory, Learning, and Development

Attention and Higher Cognition

Language and Lateralization

Filters

The incidence of insomnia is greatest in _ in general, and in both men and women in _.