Exam 7: Introduction to the Endocrine System

Explain the differences among the terms paracrine, autocrine, hormone, and cytokine.

After a hormone has exerted its effects, it typically

The following statement contains three parts that are either True or False.You must address ALL THREE parts of the statement explaining either why it is True or why it is False. Neurohormones from the anterior pituitary are called trophic because their release is stimulated by a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus.

Which of the following is NOT a method of hormone action?

Candace is a normal-looking 15-year-old girl but has never had a menstrual period, though she has other signs of puberty such as breasts and pubic and axillary hair.During a pelvic exam her physician determines that she has no uterus.Blood tests reveal that she has elevated amounts of testosterone in her blood, similar to that expected in young adult males.Name two typical sources of testosterone.Given the lack of a uterus, what is the likely source of testosterone in this case? What may be wrong with her? (Hint: Consider general principles of hormone secretion and action.)Why is there no uterus? What genetic test may confirm this suspicion?

When stimulated by a particular hormone, there is a marked increase in the activity of G proteins in the membrane.The hormone is probably

Match each hormone with its primary source. -adrenal cortex

Suzie wants to protect virgin forests from destruction.She climbs a tree to prevent loggers from cutting the oldest tree in the forest.Suzie did not eat for twelve hours until a friend, Jammie, took over the vigilance.Match the correct levels of blood glucose concentration, blood insulin concentration and relative membrane insulin receptor concentration for a skeletal muscle cell 20 hours into Jammie's fast and one hour after Suzie had eaten a peanut butter and banana sandwich and a bowl of sweet potato soup. Plasma Glucose: 90 mg/dl; 125 mg/dl Plasma Insulin: 10iuU/ml (70 pmol/L); 40iuU/ml (280 pmol/L) Relative membrane insulin receptor concentration: increasing (high); decreasing (low) Fasting (Jammie) Satiety (Suzie) Plasma Glucose Plasma Insulin Relative Membrane Insulin Receptor Levels

Match each hormone with its primary source. -adrenal medulla

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative EXCEPT one.Identify the exception.

Two hormones that have opposing effects are called ________.

There are two forms of diabetes: diabetes mellitus (lack of insulin regulation of cellular uptake of glucose)and diabetes insipidus (lack of regulation of water loss in the urine by the hormone antidiuretic hormone or ADH).In each case, there are two similar explanations for the resulting pathology.What are they? (Hint: Consider general principles of hormone action.)

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

Assume the following: The total area of cell membrane in a single fat cell is 10? mm², there is one insulin receptor per 1 mm² of membrane, and 1 mm² of cell membrane contains 10? phospholipid molecules. 1.How many insulin receptors are in a fat cell? 2.How many phospholipids molecules are in a fat cell? 3.How many phospholipid molecules are there for each insulin receptor? 4.What general principle of hormone action does your answer support?

Match each term with the appropriate description. -True endocrine gland of epithelial origin

When adenylyl cyclase is activated,

Typically, when steroid hormones bind to their receptors,

The posterior pituitary gland is also known as the ________.

Hormones are not typically considered to be cytokines because hormones are ________ like cytokines.

A ________ is a problem with one of the tissues producing trophic hormones.