Question 1

________ decreases ovarian follicle sensitivity to FSH.

Accepted Answer

A)  Progesterone 
B)  Estrogen 
C)  GnRH 
D)  LH 
E)  Anti-Müllerian hormone 
A)  Progesterone 
B)  Estrogen 
C)  GnRH 
D)  LH 
E)  Anti-Müllerian hormone

Question 2

Endocrine disruptors are environmental chemicals, which, if people and other animals are exposed, can have hormone-mimicking or hormone-blocking effects.These chemicals are used in industries and in homes and are associated with such commonly used products as pesticides and herbicides, plastic food containers, and baby bottles.Those that mimic or block sex steroids are of special concern, because they are present in household plastics and are fat-soluble, thus easily stored in fatty tissue of the body and can affect a developing fetus.Research is ongoing and results are controversial, but these chemicals have been associated with:
A.delayed sexual maturity in fish;
B.poor masculinization of genitals in male alligators with decreased ability to produce offspring;
C.feminized behavior in male rats, and in humans;
D.decreased lactation;
E.diminished male genitals and semen quality; and
F.early puberty.
For each condition A-F, specify which hormones may have been blocked or mimicked.(Endocrine regulation in fish, alligators, and rats is nearly identical to that in humans.)

Accepted Answer

A.blocked estrogen and androgen;
B.block

Question 3

The principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is

Accepted Answer

A)  LH. 
B)  FSH. 
C)  progesterone. 
D)  estradiol. 
E)  estrogen. 
A)  LH. 
B)  FSH. 
C)  progesterone. 
D)  estradiol. 
E)  estrogen.

Question 4

It has been reported that King Henry VIII of England divorced his wives because they were unable to produce a male heir to the throne.Some say the lack of a male heir is also used as justification for marrying additional wives in polygamous societies.From a genetics standpoint, what is wrong with these assumptions?

Accepted Answer

Only males can contr

Question 5

Contraceptive pills containing estradiol or estradiol plus progesterone are given at programmed doses during the ovarian cycle to prevent follicle maturation and ovulation.Explain how these pills work.

Accepted Answer

Slightly elevated levels of estradiol or

Question 6

The hormone primarily responsible for the milk let-down reflex is

Accepted Answer

A)  progesterone. 
B)  oxytocin. 
C)  prolactin. 
D)  estrogen. 
E)  growth hormone. 
A)  progesterone. 
B)  oxytocin. 
C)  prolactin. 
D)  estrogen. 
E)  growth hormone.

Question 7

Match the ploidy with a cell stage.
-spermatogonium or oogonium

Accepted Answer

A) haploid (1N) 
B) diploid (2N) 
C) quadriploid (4N) 
A) haploid (1N) 
B) diploid (2N) 
C) quadriploid (4N)

Question 8

At which stage of gametogenesis does gamete chromosome number reduce from 4N to 2N?

Accepted Answer

A)  during the first meiotic division 
B)  during the second meiotic division 
C)  prior to the first meiotic division 
D)  prior to the first mitotic division 
A)  during the first meiotic division 
B)  during the second meiotic division 
C)  prior to the first meiotic division 
D)  prior to the first mitotic division

Question 9

The erectile tissue that immediately surrounds the urethra is the

Accepted Answer

A)  membranous urethra. 
B)  penile urethra. 
C)  glans penis. 
D)  corpus spongiosum. 
E)  corpus cavernosum. 
A)  membranous urethra. 
B)  penile urethra. 
C)  glans penis. 
D)  corpus spongiosum. 
E)  corpus cavernosum.

Question 10

Match the bipotential structure with its sex-specific result.
-uterus

Accepted Answer

A) urethral folds and groove 
B) gonad cortex 
C) gonad medulla 
D) Wolffian duct 
E) Müllerian duct 
A) urethral folds and groove 
B) gonad cortex 
C) gonad medulla 
D) Wolffian duct 
E) Müllerian duct

Question 11

Which of the following is the name for the male gonad?

Accepted Answer

A)  prostate gland 
B)  testis 
C)  seminal vesicle 
D)  ovaries 
E)  vas (ductus) deferens 
A)  prostate gland 
B)  testis 
C)  seminal vesicle 
D)  ovaries 
E)  vas (ductus) deferens

Question 12

A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal.After the individual grows to maturity, one would expect that he would

Accepted Answer

A)  not develop secondary sex characteristics. 
B)  be sterile. 
C)  be impotent. 
D)  have impaired function of the interstitial cells. 
E)  produce large amounts of inhibin. 
A)  not develop secondary sex characteristics. 
B)  be sterile. 
C)  be impotent. 
D)  have impaired function of the interstitial cells. 
E)  produce large amounts of inhibin.

Question 13

Jerry is in an automobile accident that severs his spinal cord at waist level.After his recovery, he wonders if he will still be able to have an erection, enjoy sex, and father a child.What would you tell him?

Accepted Answer

Yes, he would still be able to have an e

Question 14

Which of the following structures is the source of sperm?

Accepted Answer

A)  bulbourethral glands 
B)  prostate glands 
C)  seminal vesicle 
D)  epididymis 
E)  seminiferous tubules 
A)  bulbourethral glands 
B)  prostate glands 
C)  seminal vesicle 
D)  epididymis 
E)  seminiferous tubules

Question 15

In a condition known as endometriosis, endometrial cells are present in the uterine tubes and/or in the peritoneal cavity where they become established tissues.A major symptom of endometriosis is periodic pain.Why do you think this occurs?

Accepted Answer

The endometrial cells have receptors for

Question 16

Mitotic divisions in germ cells

Accepted Answer

A)  are complete before birth. 
B)  begin at puberty. 
C)  continue throughout life. 
D)  end at andropause or menopause. 
E)  The answer depends on gender. 
A)  are complete before birth. 
B)  begin at puberty. 
C)  continue throughout life. 
D)  end at andropause or menopause. 
E)  The answer depends on gender.

Question 17

Match the cells/tissue with the hormone it secretes.
-human chorionic gonadotropin

Accepted Answer

A) Leydig cells 
B) granulosa cells 
C) corpus luteum 
D) placenta 
A) Leydig cells 
B) granulosa cells 
C) corpus luteum 
D) placenta

Question 18

________, produced by ovarian follicles during the first part of the ovarian cycle, prevents too many follicles from developing at one time.

Accepted Answer

A)  Estrogen 
B)  Anti-Müllerian hormone 
C)  Follicle stimulating hormone 
D)  Lutenizing hormone 
E)  Gonadotropin releasing hormone 
A)  Estrogen 
B)  Anti-Müllerian hormone 
C)  Follicle stimulating hormone 
D)  Lutenizing hormone 
E)  Gonadotropin releasing hormone

Question 19

List the male and female analogs that develop from the following bipotential structures: genital tubercle, urethral folds and groove, labioscrotal swellings, gonad (cortex), gonad (medulla), Wolffian duct, Müllerian duct.

Accepted Answer

See Figure

Question 20

During pregnancy, ________ contributes to the development of the milk-secreting ducts of the breast.

Accepted Answer

A)  estrogen 
B)  progesterone 
C)  human chorionic gonadotropin 
D)  gonadotropin releasing hormone 
E)  oxytocin 
A)  estrogen 
B)  progesterone 
C)  human chorionic gonadotropin 
D)  gonadotropin releasing hormone 
E)  oxytocin

Exam 26: Reproduction and Development

________ decreases ovarian follicle sensitivity to FSH.

The principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is

Contraceptive pills containing estradiol or estradiol plus progesterone are given at programmed doses during the ovarian cycle to prevent follicle maturation and ovulation.Explain how these pills work.

The hormone primarily responsible for the milk let-down reflex is

Match the ploidy with a cell stage. -spermatogonium or oogonium

At which stage of gametogenesis does gamete chromosome number reduce from 4N to 2N?

The erectile tissue that immediately surrounds the urethra is the

Match the bipotential structure with its sex-specific result. -uterus

Which of the following is the name for the male gonad?

A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal.After the individual grows to maturity, one would expect that he would

Jerry is in an automobile accident that severs his spinal cord at waist level.After his recovery, he wonders if he will still be able to have an erection, enjoy sex, and father a child.What would you tell him?

Which of the following structures is the source of sperm?

In a condition known as endometriosis, endometrial cells are present in the uterine tubes and/or in the peritoneal cavity where they become established tissues.A major symptom of endometriosis is periodic pain.Why do you think this occurs?

Mitotic divisions in germ cells

Match the cells/tissue with the hormone it secretes. -human chorionic gonadotropin

________, produced by ovarian follicles during the first part of the ovarian cycle, prevents too many follicles from developing at one time.

List the male and female analogs that develop from the following bipotential structures: genital tubercle, urethral folds and groove, labioscrotal swellings, gonad (cortex), gonad (medulla), Wolffian duct, Müllerian duct.

During pregnancy, ________ contributes to the development of the milk-secreting ducts of the breast.

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

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