Question 1

Which of the following was advocated by George Kelly?

Accepted Answer

A)  People are largely controlled by the environmental stimuli they encounter. 
B)  People are motivated to make sense out of all the stimuli that impinge on them. 
C)  People are happier when they accept that life is full of unexpected turns and surprises. 
D)  Most of what determines our behavior is not readily accessible to consciousness. 
A)  People are largely controlled by the environmental stimuli they encounter. 
B)  People are motivated to make sense out of all the stimuli that impinge on them. 
C)  People are happier when they accept that life is full of unexpected turns and surprises. 
D)  Most of what determines our behavior is not readily accessible to consciousness.

Question 2

Kelly suggested that the better we understand another person's construct system, the better

Accepted Answer

A)  chance we will have of forming a romantic relationship. 
B)  we will enjoy one another. 
C)  chance we will have for psychological health. 
D)  we will get along. 
A)  chance we will have of forming a romantic relationship. 
B)  we will enjoy one another. 
C)  chance we will have for psychological health. 
D)  we will get along.

Question 3

Contrast cognitive psychotherapy with Rogers's approach. Discuss the application of personal construct theory to psychological problems such as anxiety. Explain the significance of self-defeating thinking in typical cognitive therapy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contrast cognitive psychotherapy with Rogers's approach. Discuss...

Question 4

Which of the following is correct about cognitive-affective units?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are basically the same for everyone. 
B)  They are equally accessible in memory. 
C)  How we interpret a situation depends on which cognitive-affective units are activated. 
D)  Cognitive therapists try to reduce the number of cognitive-affective units in their clients. 
A)  They are basically the same for everyone. 
B)  They are equally accessible in memory. 
C)  How we interpret a situation depends on which cognitive-affective units are activated. 
D)  Cognitive therapists try to reduce the number of cognitive-affective units in their clients.

Question 5

When practicing rational emotive behavior therapy, a therapist will typically

Accepted Answer

A)  look for the childhood experiences that contributed to the current problem. 
B)  examine the logic the client uses that leads him or her to the emotional reaction. 
C)  wait for the client to discover the source of the problem rather than suggest what the source might be. 
D)  affirm to the client that he or she has good reasons to feel the way he or she does. 
A)  look for the childhood experiences that contributed to the current problem. 
B)  examine the logic the client uses that leads him or her to the emotional reaction. 
C)  wait for the client to discover the source of the problem rather than suggest what the source might be. 
D)  affirm to the client that he or she has good reasons to feel the way he or she does.

Question 6

Participants in one study recalled words better when they had been asked first whether or not the word described them (rather than, for example, if the word had been printed in large letters). Researchers interpret this to mean that

Accepted Answer

A)  the participants had to think about the word more when asked if it described them. 
B)  the self-description questions generated more interest for the participants than the other questions. 
C)  the self-description questions generated a stronger emotional reaction for the participants than the other questions. 
D)  the participants processed the information for the self-description questions through a self-schema. 
A)  the participants had to think about the word more when asked if it described them. 
B)  the self-description questions generated more interest for the participants than the other questions. 
C)  the self-description questions generated a stronger emotional reaction for the participants than the other questions. 
D)  the participants processed the information for the self-description questions through a self-schema.

Question 7

The cognitive approach has been criticized in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not fit well with current trends in psychology. 
B)  The research has given it little support. 
C)  It is too specific and needs more abstraction. 
D)  It is not needed to explain individual differences in behavior. 
A)  It does not fit well with current trends in psychology. 
B)  The research has given it little support. 
C)  It is too specific and needs more abstraction. 
D)  It is not needed to explain individual differences in behavior.

Question 8

Cognitive personality researchers have looked at each of the following kinds of cognitive-affect units except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  Encodings 
B)  Categories 
C)  Reinforcement values 
D)  Personal constructs 
A)  Encodings 
B)  Categories 
C)  Reinforcement values 
D)  Personal constructs

Question 9

A strength of the cognitive approach is that it fits well with

Accepted Answer

A)  modern artificial intelligence research. 
B)  the psychoanalytic perspective. 
C)  current trends in the field of psychology 
D)  the behavioral/social learning approach. 
A)  modern artificial intelligence research. 
B)  the psychoanalytic perspective. 
C)  current trends in the field of psychology 
D)  the behavioral/social learning approach.

Question 10

All of the following techniques are methods used by Kelly in psychotherapy except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asking people about their personal constructs 
B)  Asking people to describe their ideal selves 
C)  Asking people to define their personal constructs 
D)  Forcing people to attend to their process of construing the world 
A)  Asking people about their personal constructs 
B)  Asking people to describe their ideal selves 
C)  Asking people to define their personal constructs 
D)  Forcing people to attend to their process of construing the world

Question 11

According to Kelly, construct systems are never perfect. When constructs fail us as we try to predict events,

Accepted Answer

A)  old constructs are selected out of the system. 
B)  new constructs are constantly generated to replace the old ones. 
C)  healthy people fail to consider new information. 
D)  it lessens our ability to predict what will happen the next time. 
A)  old constructs are selected out of the system. 
B)  new constructs are constantly generated to replace the old ones. 
C)  healthy people fail to consider new information. 
D)  it lessens our ability to predict what will happen the next time.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the cognitive processes that produce behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behaviorists argued that the situation is processed in the "black box." 
B)  The processing that takes place between situation and response is of little importance. 
C)  Cognitive-affective units are equally accessible from memory. 
D)  Cognitive theorists acknowledge that the situation often initiates behavior. 
A)  Behaviorists argued that the situation is processed in the "black box." 
B)  The processing that takes place between situation and response is of little importance. 
C)  Cognitive-affective units are equally accessible from memory. 
D)  Cognitive theorists acknowledge that the situation often initiates behavior.

Question 13

Joshua classifies each person he meets as either sensitive or insensitive. A cognitive personality theorist would probably say that sensitive-insensitive is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  personal construct. 
B)  prototype. 
C)  self-schema. 
D)  possible self. 
A)  personal construct. 
B)  prototype. 
C)  self-schema. 
D)  possible self.

Question 14

According to Ellis, people have psychological problems due to faulty reasoning based on

Accepted Answer

A)  self-defeating thoughts. 
B)  irrational beliefs. 
C)  skewed personal constructs. 
D)  activating experiences. 
A)  self-defeating thoughts. 
B)  irrational beliefs. 
C)  skewed personal constructs. 
D)  activating experiences.

Question 15

Your self-schema consists of those aspects of your behavior that are

Accepted Answer

A)  innate. 
B)  most important to you. 
C)  similar to your parents. 
D)  unique to you alone. 
A)  innate. 
B)  most important to you. 
C)  similar to your parents. 
D)  unique to you alone.

Question 16

The cognitive approach to personality explains differences in personality as differences in the way people

Accepted Answer

A)  respond to reinforcement. 
B)  process information. 
C)  think about their past. 
D)  dream. 
A)  respond to reinforcement. 
B)  process information. 
C)  think about their past. 
D)  dream.

Question 17

Albert Ellis describes an A-B-C reasoning process that creates unnecessary emotional problems. Which step in this reasoning process does he draw to the client's attention during rational emotive behavior therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  The activating experience, such as failing a test. 
B)  The unstated belief, such as "I should be good at everything I do." 
C)  The emotional consequence, such as depression. 
D)  The childhood experiences that made the person vulnerable to emotional problems. 
A)  The activating experience, such as failing a test. 
B)  The unstated belief, such as "I should be good at everything I do." 
C)  The emotional consequence, such as depression. 
D)  The childhood experiences that made the person vulnerable to emotional problems.

Question 18

Greater recall for words that describe one's self than another, like a celebrity, is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  locus of control effect. 
B)  memory facilitation. 
C)  self-reference effect. 
D)  personal construct effect. 
A)  locus of control effect. 
B)  memory facilitation. 
C)  self-reference effect. 
D)  personal construct effect.

Question 19

Jason is experiencing anxiety and adjustment problems with his new job. According to Kelly, this is probably because Jason

Accepted Answer

A)  has not yet developed constructs that will allow him to deal with the new people and situations he encounters. 
B)  is unable to understand the way other people construe the world. 
C)  has had difficulty in this type of situation before. 
D)  is not yet motivated enough to develop hypotheses about how things operate in this new environment. 
A)  has not yet developed constructs that will allow him to deal with the new people and situations he encounters. 
B)  is unable to understand the way other people construe the world. 
C)  has had difficulty in this type of situation before. 
D)  is not yet motivated enough to develop hypotheses about how things operate in this new environment.

Question 20

One study of the self-schema presented students with 40 questions for which they pressed yes or no. Researchers found that participants were more likely to remember the information when

Accepted Answer

A)  the words had the ability to generate emotions. 
B)  participants were asked about a rhyme. 
C)  a self-referent question was difficult to answer. 
D)  the question was processed about the participants themselves. 
A)  the words had the ability to generate emotions. 
B)  participants were asked about a rhyme. 
C)  a self-referent question was difficult to answer. 
D)  the question was processed about the participants themselves.

Which of the following was advocated by George Kelly?

Kelly suggested that the better we understand another person's construct system, the better

Contrast cognitive psychotherapy with Rogers's approach. Discuss the application of personal construct theory to psychological problems such as anxiety. Explain the significance of self-defeating thinking in typical cognitive therapy.

Which of the following is correct about cognitive-affective units?

When practicing rational emotive behavior therapy, a therapist will typically

Participants in one study recalled words better when they had been asked first whether or not the word described them (rather than, for example, if the word had been printed in large letters). Researchers interpret this to mean that

The cognitive approach has been criticized in which of the following ways?

Cognitive personality researchers have looked at each of the following kinds of cognitive-affect units except one. Which one?

A strength of the cognitive approach is that it fits well with

All of the following techniques are methods used by Kelly in psychotherapy except one. Which one?

According to Kelly, construct systems are never perfect. When constructs fail us as we try to predict events,

Which of the following is true about the cognitive processes that produce behavior?

Joshua classifies each person he meets as either sensitive or insensitive. A cognitive personality theorist would probably say that sensitive-insensitive is an example of a

According to Ellis, people have psychological problems due to faulty reasoning based on

Your self-schema consists of those aspects of your behavior that are

The cognitive approach to personality explains differences in personality as differences in the way people

Albert Ellis describes an A-B-C reasoning process that creates unnecessary emotional problems. Which step in this reasoning process does he draw to the client's attention during rational emotive behavior therapy?

Greater recall for words that describe one's self than another, like a celebrity, is called the

Jason is experiencing anxiety and adjustment problems with his new job. According to Kelly, this is probably because Jason

One study of the self-schema presented students with 40 questions for which they pressed yes or no. Researchers found that participants were more likely to remember the information when

What Is Personality

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

Neo Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research

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Exam 15: The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

Which of the following was advocated by George Kelly?

Kelly suggested that the better we understand another person's construct system, the better

Contrast cognitive psychotherapy with Rogers's approach. Discuss the application of personal construct theory to psychological problems such as anxiety. Explain the significance of self-defeating thinking in typical cognitive therapy.

Which of the following is correct about cognitive-affective units?

When practicing rational emotive behavior therapy, a therapist will typically

Participants in one study recalled words better when they had been asked first whether or not the word described them (rather than, for example, if the word had been printed in large letters). Researchers interpret this to mean that

The cognitive approach has been criticized in which of the following ways?

Cognitive personality researchers have looked at each of the following kinds of cognitive-affect units except one. Which one?

A strength of the cognitive approach is that it fits well with

All of the following techniques are methods used by Kelly in psychotherapy except one. Which one?

According to Kelly, construct systems are never perfect. When constructs fail us as we try to predict events,

Which of the following is true about the cognitive processes that produce behavior?

Joshua classifies each person he meets as either sensitive or insensitive. A cognitive personality theorist would probably say that sensitive-insensitive is an example of a

According to Ellis, people have psychological problems due to faulty reasoning based on

Your self-schema consists of those aspects of your behavior that are

The cognitive approach to personality explains differences in personality as differences in the way people

Albert Ellis describes an A-B-C reasoning process that creates unnecessary emotional problems. Which step in this reasoning process does he draw to the client's attention during rational emotive behavior therapy?

Greater recall for words that describe one's self than another, like a celebrity, is called the

Jason is experiencing anxiety and adjustment problems with his new job. According to Kelly, this is probably because Jason

One study of the self-schema presented students with 40 questions for which they pressed yes or no. Researchers found that participants were more likely to remember the information when

What Is Personality

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

Neo Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research

General Questions

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