Question 1

​After LTP is established,NMDA receptors are not required to maintain it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

​After his surgery,H.M.had the most difficulty with ____.

Accepted Answer

A) learning new procedural tasks 
B) ​remembering events long before the surgery 
C) ​being able to define new English words 
D) IQ tests 
A) learning new procedural tasks 
B) ​remembering events long before the surgery 
C) ​being able to define new English words 
D) IQ tests

Question 3

​Amyloid is to ____ as tau is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) plaques; tangles 
B) ​tangles; plaques 
C) ​neurons; glia 
D) glia; neurons 
A) plaques; tangles 
B) ​tangles; plaques 
C) ​neurons; glia 
D) glia; neurons

Question 4

​When prompted with cues,Korsakoff's victims can often produce words from lists they saw but claim to have never seen.This exemplifies what kind of memory?

Accepted Answer

A) reference 
B) ​procedural 
C) ​implicit 
D) explicit 
A) reference 
B) ​procedural 
C) ​implicit 
D) explicit

Question 5

​The cortex works as a whole,and the more cortex the better,defines ____.

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning​ 
C) equipotentiality​ 
D) mass action​ 
A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning​ 
C) equipotentiality​ 
D) mass action​

Question 6

​Most researchers now believe that the accumulation of amyloid and tau protein ____.

Accepted Answer

A) is a result of the Alzheimer's disease 
B) ​are partly the cause of Alzheimer's disease 
C) ​are byproducts of acetylcholine 
D) are byproducts of dying glial cells 
A) is a result of the Alzheimer's disease 
B) ​are partly the cause of Alzheimer's disease 
C) ​are byproducts of acetylcholine 
D) are byproducts of dying glial cells

Question 7

​Researchers have found that different species of birds differ in terms of how much they depend on food they have stored to get through the winter.What factor is related to depending on and finding stored food?

Accepted Answer

A) overall brain size 
B) relative size of the cortex​ 
C) relative size of the amygdala​ 
D) relative size of the hippocampus​ 
A) overall brain size 
B) relative size of the cortex​ 
C) relative size of the amygdala​ 
D) relative size of the hippocampus​

Question 8

​If some of the synapses onto a cell have been highly active and others have not,only the active ones become strengthened.This is known as the property of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) specificity 
B) ​cooperativity 
C) ​associativity 
D) NMDA 
A) specificity 
B) ​cooperativity 
C) ​associativity 
D) NMDA

Question 9

​The most likely cause of the brain damage typical of Alzheimer's disease is due to a ____.

Accepted Answer

A) deficit of thiamine 
B) ​excess of neurotrophins 
C) ​increase in amyloid-β proteins 
D) excess of acetylcholine 
A) deficit of thiamine 
B) ​excess of neurotrophins 
C) ​increase in amyloid-β proteins 
D) excess of acetylcholine

Question 10

​To replace the concept of short-term memory,A.D.Baddeley and G.J.Hitch introduced the term delayed memory to refer to the way we store information while we are working at it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

​Preventing learning is to ____ as suppressing a response is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning; operant conditioning 
B) operant conditioning; classical conditioning​ 
C) the red nucleus; the lateral interpositus nucleus​ 
D) the lateral interpositus nucleus; the red nucleus​ 
A) classical conditioning; operant conditioning 
B) operant conditioning; classical conditioning​ 
C) the red nucleus; the lateral interpositus nucleus​ 
D) the lateral interpositus nucleus; the red nucleus​

Question 12

​As with Korsakoff's patients,Alzheimer's patients have impairments in ____ memory,but are relatively unimpaired in ____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A) short-term; long-term 
B) ​implicit; explicit 
C) ​procedural; declarative 
D) declarative; procedural 
A) short-term; long-term 
B) ​implicit; explicit 
C) ​procedural; declarative 
D) declarative; procedural

Question 13

​In addition to the neurotransmitter glutamate,in order to activate the NMDA receptors,the neuron requires ____.

Accepted Answer

A) serotonin 
B) ​dopamine 
C) ​increased release of magnesium ions from the presynaptic neuron 
D) removal of magnesium ions from sodium and calcium channels 
A) serotonin 
B) ​dopamine 
C) ​increased release of magnesium ions from the presynaptic neuron 
D) removal of magnesium ions from sodium and calcium channels

Question 14

​Donald Hebb (1949)distinguished between two types of memory that he called

Accepted Answer

A) implicit and explicit 
B) declarative and procedural​ 
C) short-term and long-term​ 
D) repressed and unrepressed​ 
A) implicit and explicit 
B) declarative and procedural​ 
C) short-term and long-term​ 
D) repressed and unrepressed​

Question 15

​Why is the Aplysia such a popular animal for single-cell studies of learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Aplysia have neurons that are virtually identical from one individual to another. 
B) Aplysia have greater learning abilities than other invertebrates.​ 
C) Aplysia have short-term learning but not long-term learning.​ 
D) Aplysia have only two neurotransmitters, one excitatory and one inhibitory.​ 
A) Aplysia have neurons that are virtually identical from one individual to another. 
B) Aplysia have greater learning abilities than other invertebrates.​ 
C) Aplysia have short-term learning but not long-term learning.​ 
D) Aplysia have only two neurotransmitters, one excitatory and one inhibitory.​

Question 16

​Structures formed from degenerating axons and dendrites are referred to as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) tau proteins 
B) amyloid beta proteins​ 
C) confabulations​ 
D) plaques​ 
A) tau proteins 
B) amyloid beta proteins​ 
C) confabulations​ 
D) plaques​

Question 17

A "Hebbian" synapse is one in which ____.

Accepted Answer

A) activity at that synapse strengthens the response of the postsynaptic neuron to all of its synapses 
B) ​repeated use of the synapse over a limited period of time leads to habituation 
C) ​calcium flows into the cell while magnesium flows out of the cell 
D) activity of the synapse, paired with an action potential in the postsynaptic cell, strengthens that synapse 
A) activity at that synapse strengthens the response of the postsynaptic neuron to all of its synapses 
B) ​repeated use of the synapse over a limited period of time leads to habituation 
C) ​calcium flows into the cell while magnesium flows out of the cell 
D) activity of the synapse, paired with an action potential in the postsynaptic cell, strengthens that synapse

Question 18

​Which action is most difficult to classify as classical or operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) pressing a lever to get food 
B) pressing a lever to escape shock​ 
C) salivating after a sound previously paired with food​ 
D) song learning by male birds​ 
A) pressing a lever to get food 
B) pressing a lever to escape shock​ 
C) salivating after a sound previously paired with food​ 
D) song learning by male birds​

Question 19

​Which type of memory is MOST impaired by damage to the hippocampus?

Accepted Answer

A) short-term memory 
B) ​implicit memory 
C) ​episodic memory 
D) procedural memory 
A) short-term memory 
B) ​implicit memory 
C) ​episodic memory 
D) procedural memory

Question 20

​Strong stimulation anywhere on the skin of an Aplysia excites axons that attach to receptors and ____.

Accepted Answer

A) open potassium channels in the membrane 
B) ​close potassium channels in the membrane 
C) ​opens sodium channels in the membrane 
D) close sodium channels in the membrane 
A) open potassium channels in the membrane 
B) ​close potassium channels in the membrane 
C) ​opens sodium channels in the membrane 
D) close sodium channels in the membrane

After LTP is established,NMDA receptors are not required to maintain it.

After his surgery,H.M.had the most difficulty with ____.

Amyloid is to as tau is to .

When prompted with cues,Korsakoff's victims can often produce words from lists they saw but claim to have never seen.This exemplifies what kind of memory?

The cortex works as a whole,and the more cortex the better,defines ____.

Most researchers now believe that the accumulation of amyloid and tau protein ____.

Researchers have found that different species of birds differ in terms of how much they depend on food they have stored to get through the winter.What factor is related to depending on and finding stored food?

If some of the synapses onto a cell have been highly active and others have not,only the active ones become strengthened.This is known as the property of ____.

The most likely cause of the brain damage typical of Alzheimer's disease is due to a ____.

To replace the concept of short-term memory,A.D.Baddeley and G.J.Hitch introduced the term delayed memory to refer to the way we store information while we are working at it.

Preventing learning is to as suppressing a response is to .

As with Korsakoff's patients,Alzheimer's patients have impairments in memory,but are relatively unimpaired in memory.

In addition to the neurotransmitter glutamate,in order to activate the NMDA receptors,the neuron requires ____.

Donald Hebb (1949)distinguished between two types of memory that he called

Why is the Aplysia such a popular animal for single-cell studies of learning?

Structures formed from degenerating axons and dendrites are referred to as ____.

A "Hebbian" synapse is one in which ____.

Which action is most difficult to classify as classical or operant conditioning?

Which type of memory is MOST impaired by damage to the hippocampus?

Strong stimulation anywhere on the skin of an Aplysia excites axons that attach to receptors and ____.

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Exam 12: The Biology of Learning and Memory

​After LTP is established,NMDA receptors are not required to maintain it.

​After his surgery,H.M.had the most difficulty with ____.

​Amyloid is to ____ as tau is to ____.

​When prompted with cues,Korsakoff's victims can often produce words from lists they saw but claim to have never seen.This exemplifies what kind of memory?

​The cortex works as a whole,and the more cortex the better,defines ____.

​Most researchers now believe that the accumulation of amyloid and tau protein ____.

​Researchers have found that different species of birds differ in terms of how much they depend on food they have stored to get through the winter.What factor is related to depending on and finding stored food?

​If some of the synapses onto a cell have been highly active and others have not,only the active ones become strengthened.This is known as the property of ____.

​The most likely cause of the brain damage typical of Alzheimer's disease is due to a ____.

​To replace the concept of short-term memory,A.D.Baddeley and G.J.Hitch introduced the term delayed memory to refer to the way we store information while we are working at it.

​Preventing learning is to ____ as suppressing a response is to ____.

​As with Korsakoff's patients,Alzheimer's patients have impairments in ____ memory,but are relatively unimpaired in ____ memory.

​In addition to the neurotransmitter glutamate,in order to activate the NMDA receptors,the neuron requires ____.

​Donald Hebb (1949)distinguished between two types of memory that he called

​Why is the Aplysia such a popular animal for single-cell studies of learning?

​Structures formed from degenerating axons and dendrites are referred to as ____.

A "Hebbian" synapse is one in which ____.

​Which action is most difficult to classify as classical or operant conditioning?

​Which type of memory is MOST impaired by damage to the hippocampus?

​Strong stimulation anywhere on the skin of an Aplysia excites axons that attach to receptors and ____.

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

After LTP is established,NMDA receptors are not required to maintain it.

After his surgery,H.M.had the most difficulty with ____.

Amyloid is to as tau is to .

When prompted with cues,Korsakoff's victims can often produce words from lists they saw but claim to have never seen.This exemplifies what kind of memory?

The cortex works as a whole,and the more cortex the better,defines ____.

Most researchers now believe that the accumulation of amyloid and tau protein ____.

Researchers have found that different species of birds differ in terms of how much they depend on food they have stored to get through the winter.What factor is related to depending on and finding stored food?

If some of the synapses onto a cell have been highly active and others have not,only the active ones become strengthened.This is known as the property of ____.

The most likely cause of the brain damage typical of Alzheimer's disease is due to a ____.

To replace the concept of short-term memory,A.D.Baddeley and G.J.Hitch introduced the term delayed memory to refer to the way we store information while we are working at it.

Preventing learning is to as suppressing a response is to .

As with Korsakoff's patients,Alzheimer's patients have impairments in memory,but are relatively unimpaired in memory.

In addition to the neurotransmitter glutamate,in order to activate the NMDA receptors,the neuron requires ____.

Donald Hebb (1949)distinguished between two types of memory that he called

Why is the Aplysia such a popular animal for single-cell studies of learning?

Structures formed from degenerating axons and dendrites are referred to as ____.

Which action is most difficult to classify as classical or operant conditioning?

Which type of memory is MOST impaired by damage to the hippocampus?

Strong stimulation anywhere on the skin of an Aplysia excites axons that attach to receptors and ____.