Question 1

​Alzheimer's leads to the accumulation of ____ in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) glucose 
B) ​amyloid deposits 
C) ​arachidonic acid 
D) serotonin 
A) glucose 
B) ​amyloid deposits 
C) ​arachidonic acid 
D) serotonin

Question 2

In some cases of Alzheimer's disease that run in families,the cause of the disease appears to involve which gene(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) a gene on the X chromosome 
B) a gene on the Y chromosome​ 
C) a series of genes on chromosome 4​ 
D) genes on several different chromosomes​ 
A) a gene on the X chromosome 
B) a gene on the Y chromosome​ 
C) a series of genes on chromosome 4​ 
D) genes on several different chromosomes​

Question 3

​Pavlov presented a sound followed by meat in his experiments.Gradually the sound came to elicit salivation.The sound in this experiment would be considered the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus 
B) ​unconditioned response 
C) ​conditioned stimulus 
D) conditioned response 
A) unconditioned stimulus 
B) ​unconditioned response 
C) ​conditioned stimulus 
D) conditioned response

Question 4

​Structures formed from degenerating neuronal cell bodies are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A) tau proteins 
B) amyloid beta proteins​ 
C) tangles​ 
D) confabulations​ 
A) tau proteins 
B) amyloid beta proteins​ 
C) tangles​ 
D) confabulations​

Question 5

​If a stimulus is presented repeatedly,followed by no other stimulus,the animal will gradually stop responding.This is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) sensitization 
B) ​habituation 
C) ​classical conditioning 
D) imprinting​ 
A) sensitization 
B) ​habituation 
C) ​classical conditioning 
D) imprinting​

Question 6

​One ironic but interesting finding is that people with amnesia will improve on ____ tasks,but have no ____ memory with respect to the task.

Accepted Answer

A) procedural; explicit 
B) ​explicit; procedural 
C) ​declarative; implicit 
D) implicit; procedural 
A) procedural; explicit 
B) ​explicit; procedural 
C) ​declarative; implicit 
D) implicit; procedural

Question 7

​Pavlov presented a sound followed by meat in his experiments.Gradually the sound came to elicit salivation.The salivation to the meat in this experiment was the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus 
B) ​unconditioned response 
C) ​conditioned stimulus 
D) conditioned response 
A) unconditioned stimulus 
B) ​unconditioned response 
C) ​conditioned stimulus 
D) conditioned response

Question 8

​In operant conditioning,punishment is a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus that produces a reflexive response 
B) ​event that decreases the future probability of a response 
C) ​event that increases the future probability of a response 
D) event that prevents a response 
A) stimulus that produces a reflexive response 
B) ​event that decreases the future probability of a response 
C) ​event that increases the future probability of a response 
D) event that prevents a response

Question 9

​In learning,the basal ganglia ____.

Accepted Answer

A) integrates information over many trials 
B) is involved in the development of flexible responses​ 
C) is most responsive to delayed feedback​ 
D) is critical to the formation of explicit memories​ 
A) integrates information over many trials 
B) is involved in the development of flexible responses​ 
C) is most responsive to delayed feedback​ 
D) is critical to the formation of explicit memories​

Question 10

​A rat is placed in a radial maze in which it has already been trained for many trials.As compared to rats without damage to their hippocampus,rats with damage are more likely to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) enter an alley at random 
B) ​fail to eat the food they find 
C) ​enter one of the correct alleys repeatedly 
D) enter an alley that is never correct 
A) enter an alley at random 
B) ​fail to eat the food they find 
C) ​enter one of the correct alleys repeatedly 
D) enter an alley that is never correct

Question 11

​In studies of eyelid conditioning in rabbits,Thompson and his colleagues have demonstrated that learning for this conditioned response takes place in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) red nucleus of the midbrain 
B) temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex​ 
C) lateral interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum​ 
D) ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus​ 
A) red nucleus of the midbrain 
B) temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex​ 
C) lateral interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum​ 
D) ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus​

Question 12

​Compared to young adults,aging humans with poor working memory have ____ activity in the prefrontal cortex and aging humans with intact working memory have ____ activity in the prefrontal cortex.

Accepted Answer

A) decreased; decreased 
B) increased; increased​ 
C) increased; decreased​ 
D) decreased; increased​ 
A) decreased; decreased 
B) increased; increased​ 
C) increased; decreased​ 
D) decreased; increased​

Question 13

​A person with damage to their cerebellum may experience several problems,including ____.

Accepted Answer

A) poor eyesight 
B) ​inability to be classically conditioned 
C) ​weakened conditioned eye blinks 
D) exaggerated eye blinking 
A) poor eyesight 
B) ​inability to be classically conditioned 
C) ​weakened conditioned eye blinks 
D) exaggerated eye blinking

Question 14

​In operant conditioning,an individual's response leads to a reinforcer or punishment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

​The inability to form memories for events that happened after brain damage is a characteristic of ____ amnesia.

Accepted Answer

A) retrograde 
B) ​anterograde 
C) ​proactive 
D) procedural 
A) retrograde 
B) ​anterograde 
C) ​proactive 
D) procedural

Question 16

​Hebb believed that short-term memory ____.

Accepted Answer

A) should not be distinguished from long-term memory 
B) ​was a temporary holding station on the way to long-term memory 
C) ​was more important than long-term memory 
D) was low-level memory 
A) should not be distinguished from long-term memory 
B) ​was a temporary holding station on the way to long-term memory 
C) ​was more important than long-term memory 
D) was low-level memory

Question 17

​Drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease affect activity of the cortex by enhancing the effects of acetylcholine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

​Some memory-enhancing supplements appear to act in common by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) increasing amyloid-β 
B) ​enhancing LTP 
C) ​decreasing calcium levels 
D) stimulating acetylcholine receptors 
A) increasing amyloid-β 
B) ​enhancing LTP 
C) ​decreasing calcium levels 
D) stimulating acetylcholine receptors

Question 19

​In operant conditioning,reinforcement is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) any food that the organism likes 
B) a stimulus that produces a reflexive response​ 
C) an event that decreases the future probability of a response​ 
D) an event that increases the future probability of a response​ 
A) any food that the organism likes 
B) a stimulus that produces a reflexive response​ 
C) an event that decreases the future probability of a response​ 
D) an event that increases the future probability of a response​

Question 20

​What is one explanation for why Lashley failed at finding the engram?

Accepted Answer

A) He used poor surgical methods. 
B) ​Some memories do not depend on the cortex. 
C) ​The engram is continually changing location in the cortex. 
D) Classical conditioning had not been discovered yet. 
A) He used poor surgical methods. 
B) ​Some memories do not depend on the cortex. 
C) ​The engram is continually changing location in the cortex. 
D) Classical conditioning had not been discovered yet.

Alzheimer's leads to the accumulation of ____ in the brain.

In some cases of Alzheimer's disease that run in families,the cause of the disease appears to involve which gene(s)?

Pavlov presented a sound followed by meat in his experiments.Gradually the sound came to elicit salivation.The sound in this experiment would be considered the ____.

Structures formed from degenerating neuronal cell bodies are called ____.

If a stimulus is presented repeatedly,followed by no other stimulus,the animal will gradually stop responding.This is known as ____.

One ironic but interesting finding is that people with amnesia will improve on tasks,but have no memory with respect to the task.

Pavlov presented a sound followed by meat in his experiments.Gradually the sound came to elicit salivation.The salivation to the meat in this experiment was the ____.

In operant conditioning,punishment is a(n)____.

In learning,the basal ganglia ____.

A rat is placed in a radial maze in which it has already been trained for many trials.As compared to rats without damage to their hippocampus,rats with damage are more likely to ____.

In studies of eyelid conditioning in rabbits,Thompson and his colleagues have demonstrated that learning for this conditioned response takes place in the ____.

Compared to young adults,aging humans with poor working memory have activity in the prefrontal cortex and aging humans with intact working memory have activity in the prefrontal cortex.

A person with damage to their cerebellum may experience several problems,including ____.

In operant conditioning,an individual's response leads to a reinforcer or punishment.

The inability to form memories for events that happened after brain damage is a characteristic of ____ amnesia.

Hebb believed that short-term memory ____.

Drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease affect activity of the cortex by enhancing the effects of acetylcholine.

Some memory-enhancing supplements appear to act in common by ____.

In operant conditioning,reinforcement is ____.

What is one explanation for why Lashley failed at finding the engram?

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Exam 12: The Biology of Learning and Memory

​Alzheimer's leads to the accumulation of ____ in the brain.

In some cases of Alzheimer's disease that run in families,the cause of the disease appears to involve which gene(s)?

​Pavlov presented a sound followed by meat in his experiments.Gradually the sound came to elicit salivation.The sound in this experiment would be considered the ____.

​Structures formed from degenerating neuronal cell bodies are called ____.

​If a stimulus is presented repeatedly,followed by no other stimulus,the animal will gradually stop responding.This is known as ____.

​One ironic but interesting finding is that people with amnesia will improve on ____ tasks,but have no ____ memory with respect to the task.

​Pavlov presented a sound followed by meat in his experiments.Gradually the sound came to elicit salivation.The salivation to the meat in this experiment was the ____.

​In operant conditioning,punishment is a(n)____.

​In learning,the basal ganglia ____.

​A rat is placed in a radial maze in which it has already been trained for many trials.As compared to rats without damage to their hippocampus,rats with damage are more likely to ____.

​In studies of eyelid conditioning in rabbits,Thompson and his colleagues have demonstrated that learning for this conditioned response takes place in the ____.

​Compared to young adults,aging humans with poor working memory have ____ activity in the prefrontal cortex and aging humans with intact working memory have ____ activity in the prefrontal cortex.

​A person with damage to their cerebellum may experience several problems,including ____.

​In operant conditioning,an individual's response leads to a reinforcer or punishment.

​The inability to form memories for events that happened after brain damage is a characteristic of ____ amnesia.

​Hebb believed that short-term memory ____.

​Drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease affect activity of the cortex by enhancing the effects of acetylcholine.

​Some memory-enhancing supplements appear to act in common by ____.

​In operant conditioning,reinforcement is ____.

​What is one explanation for why Lashley failed at finding the engram?

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Alzheimer's leads to the accumulation of ____ in the brain.

Pavlov presented a sound followed by meat in his experiments.Gradually the sound came to elicit salivation.The sound in this experiment would be considered the ____.

Structures formed from degenerating neuronal cell bodies are called ____.

If a stimulus is presented repeatedly,followed by no other stimulus,the animal will gradually stop responding.This is known as ____.

One ironic but interesting finding is that people with amnesia will improve on tasks,but have no memory with respect to the task.

Pavlov presented a sound followed by meat in his experiments.Gradually the sound came to elicit salivation.The salivation to the meat in this experiment was the ____.

In operant conditioning,punishment is a(n)____.

In learning,the basal ganglia ____.

A rat is placed in a radial maze in which it has already been trained for many trials.As compared to rats without damage to their hippocampus,rats with damage are more likely to ____.

In studies of eyelid conditioning in rabbits,Thompson and his colleagues have demonstrated that learning for this conditioned response takes place in the ____.

Compared to young adults,aging humans with poor working memory have activity in the prefrontal cortex and aging humans with intact working memory have activity in the prefrontal cortex.

A person with damage to their cerebellum may experience several problems,including ____.

In operant conditioning,an individual's response leads to a reinforcer or punishment.

The inability to form memories for events that happened after brain damage is a characteristic of ____ amnesia.

Hebb believed that short-term memory ____.

Drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease affect activity of the cortex by enhancing the effects of acetylcholine.

Some memory-enhancing supplements appear to act in common by ____.

In operant conditioning,reinforcement is ____.

What is one explanation for why Lashley failed at finding the engram?