Question 1

Is it possible to prevent mutations entirely?

Accepted Answer

​No, it is not. DNA polymerase is not perfect and as a result it can introduce mistakes (mutations) during DNA replication. However, you can reduce the number of mutations experienced by avoiding undue exposure to ionizing radiation, UV radiation and chemical carcinogens.

Question 2

____ discovered the basis for the ____ rule, which states that the amounts of adenine and thymine are identical, as are the amounts of cytosine and guanine.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Avery; base-pair 
B)  ​Griffith, double helix 
C)  ​Chargaff; base-pair 
D)  ​Chase; double helix 
E)  ​Pauling; base-pair 
A)  ​Avery; base-pair 
B)  ​Griffith, double helix 
C)  ​Chargaff; base-pair 
D)  ​Chase; double helix 
E)  ​Pauling; base-pair C

Question 3

One current goal of cloning is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​duplicate certain humans 
B)  ​create new species 
C)  ​promote evolution 
D)  ​experiment with alien DNA 
E)  increase the numbers of endangered animals 
A)  ​duplicate certain humans 
B)  ​create new species 
C)  ​promote evolution 
D)  ​experiment with alien DNA 
E)  increase the numbers of endangered animals E

Question 4

DNA polymerases ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​unwind DNA 
B)  ​add new nucleotides to a strand 
C)  ​catalyze carbon bonding 
D)  ​assemble new strands in both direction 
E)  ​repairs DNA 
A)  ​unwind DNA 
B)  ​add new nucleotides to a strand 
C)  ​catalyze carbon bonding 
D)  ​assemble new strands in both direction 
E)  ​repairs DNA

Question 5

How successful is the technique of cloning adult mammals by implanting DNA into donor eggs?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Few embryos survive until birth, and of those that do, many have serious health problems. 
B)  ​About half of the embryos survive until birth, but many of these die before adulthood. 
C)  ​Of the embryos that survive until birth, health outcomes are predictable. 
D)  ​Most embryos survive, but are not able to reproduce as adults. 
E)  ​Most embryos survive and lead healthy adult lives. 
A)  ​Few embryos survive until birth, and of those that do, many have serious health problems. 
B)  ​About half of the embryos survive until birth, but many of these die before adulthood. 
C)  ​Of the embryos that survive until birth, health outcomes are predictable. 
D)  ​Most embryos survive, but are not able to reproduce as adults. 
E)  ​Most embryos survive and lead healthy adult lives.

Question 6

Which base-pairing system is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​A to G; T to C 
B)  ​A to T; G to C 
C)  ​A to C; G to T 
D)  ​A to T or C; G to C or A 
E)  ​A to T or G; G to C or A 
A)  ​A to G; T to C 
B)  ​A to T; G to C 
C)  ​A to C; G to T 
D)  ​A to T or C; G to C or A 
E)  ​A to T or G; G to C or A

Question 7

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Franklin

Accepted Answer

A) discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria 
B) first to describe DNA and extract it from cell nuclei 
C) discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation 
D) the first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication 
E) the first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
F)provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
G)worked at King's College at the same time as Franklin
H)obtained excellent x-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units 
A) discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria 
B) first to describe DNA and extract it from cell nuclei 
C) discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation 
D) the first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication 
E) the first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
F)provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
G)worked at King's College at the same time as Franklin
H)obtained excellent x-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units

Question 8

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Chargaff

Accepted Answer

A) discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria 
B) first to describe DNA and extract it from cell nuclei 
C) discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation 
D) the first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication 
E) the first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
F)provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
G)worked at King's College at the same time as Franklin
H)obtained excellent x-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units 
A) discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria 
B) first to describe DNA and extract it from cell nuclei 
C) discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation 
D) the first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication 
E) the first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
F)provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
G)worked at King's College at the same time as Franklin
H)obtained excellent x-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units

Question 9

Which scientist(s) identified the transforming substance involved in changing harmless (R) bacteria to lethal (S) bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Avery and McCarty 
B)  ​Griffith 
C)  ​Chargaff 
D)  ​Hershey and Chase 
E)  ​Pauling 
A)  ​Avery and McCarty 
B)  ​Griffith 
C)  ​Chargaff 
D)  ​Hershey and Chase 
E)  ​Pauling

Question 10

Does reproductive cloning always involve somatic cell nuclear transfer?

Accepted Answer

No, there are various reproductive inter

Question 11

Fred Griffith's experiment, in which he used two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, demonstrated that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​pathogenic bacteria function differently in mice than in other organisms 
B)  ​harmless bacteria can become transformed into disease-causing bacteria by a bacteria transformation factor 
C)  ​pure DNA extracted from disease-causing bacteria transformed harmless strains into killer strains 
D)  ​dead cells lose their genetic information 
E)  DNA is a protein rich in nitrogen and phosphorus​ 
A)  ​pathogenic bacteria function differently in mice than in other organisms 
B)  ​harmless bacteria can become transformed into disease-causing bacteria by a bacteria transformation factor 
C)  ​pure DNA extracted from disease-causing bacteria transformed harmless strains into killer strains 
D)  ​dead cells lose their genetic information 
E)  DNA is a protein rich in nitrogen and phosphorus​

Question 12

Each DNA double helix has a backbone that consists of alternating ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​covalent and ionic bonds 
B)  ​nitrogen-containing bases 
C)  ​hydrogen bonds 
D)  ​sugar and phosphate molecules 
E)  ​covalent and hydrogen bonds 
A)  ​covalent and ionic bonds 
B)  ​nitrogen-containing bases 
C)  ​hydrogen bonds 
D)  ​sugar and phosphate molecules 
E)  ​covalent and hydrogen bonds

Question 13

DNA is replicated by a process called ____________________.

Accepted Answer

semiconser

Question 14

A bacterium undergoes four rounds of replication. How many cells would result, and how many of those cells would still have part of an original DNA strand from the starting bacterium?

Accepted Answer

​After four rounds of replicat

Question 15

Rosalind Franklin created the first ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​clear x-ray diffraction image of DNA is it occurs in cells 
B)  ​model of DNA's nucleotide bases 
C)  ​experiment to test whether base-pairs differ among species 
D)  ​hypothesis surrounding the nature of a hereditary molecule 
E)  ​results proving that bases exist on the outside of a helix 
A)  ​clear x-ray diffraction image of DNA is it occurs in cells 
B)  ​model of DNA's nucleotide bases 
C)  ​experiment to test whether base-pairs differ among species 
D)  ​hypothesis surrounding the nature of a hereditary molecule 
E)  ​results proving that bases exist on the outside of a helix

Question 16

Hydrogen bonding is strongest between ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​adenine and guanine 
B)  ​uracil and thymine 
C)  ​guanine and uracil 
D)  ​adenine and thymine 
E)  ​cytosine and guanine 
A)  ​adenine and guanine 
B)  ​uracil and thymine 
C)  ​guanine and uracil 
D)  ​adenine and thymine 
E)  ​cytosine and guanine

Question 17

In ____________________, one somatic cell is fused with an enucleated egg.

Accepted Answer

​somatic c

Question 18

Which statement is true of DNA's structure?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​The hydrogen bonding of cytosine to guanine is an example of complementary base pairing. 
B)  ​In DNA, adenine always base pairs with guanine and cytosine always base pairs with thymine. 
C)  ​Each of the four nucleotides in a DNA molecule has the same nitrogen-containing base. 
D)  ​When adenine base pairs with thymine, they are linked by three hydrogen bonds. 
E)  ​All four bases in DNA can be found in equal quantities. 
A)  ​The hydrogen bonding of cytosine to guanine is an example of complementary base pairing. 
B)  ​In DNA, adenine always base pairs with guanine and cytosine always base pairs with thymine. 
C)  ​Each of the four nucleotides in a DNA molecule has the same nitrogen-containing base. 
D)  ​When adenine base pairs with thymine, they are linked by three hydrogen bonds. 
E)  ​All four bases in DNA can be found in equal quantities.

Question 19

Which statement is true of embryonic splitting?

Accepted Answer

A)  It never occurs in nature. 
B)  It involves the genetic contribution of only one parent. 
C)  It produces immediate differentiation. 
D)  It is applied in animal husbandry to produce genetically diverse offspring. 
E)  It produces identical twins. 
A)  It never occurs in nature. 
B)  It involves the genetic contribution of only one parent. 
C)  It produces immediate differentiation. 
D)  It is applied in animal husbandry to produce genetically diverse offspring. 
E)  It produces identical twins.

Question 20

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Avery and McCarty

Accepted Answer

A) discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria 
B) first to describe DNA and extract it from cell nuclei 
C) discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation 
D) the first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication 
E) the first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
F)provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
G)worked at King's College at the same time as Franklin
H)obtained excellent x-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units 
A) discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria 
B) first to describe DNA and extract it from cell nuclei 
C) discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation 
D) the first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication 
E) the first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
F)provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
G)worked at King's College at the same time as Franklin
H)obtained excellent x-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units

Exam 8: Dna Structure and Function

Is it possible to prevent mutations entirely?

____ discovered the basis for the ____ rule, which states that the amounts of adenine and thymine are identical, as are the amounts of cytosine and guanine.

One current goal of cloning is to ____.

DNA polymerases ____.

How successful is the technique of cloning adult mammals by implanting DNA into donor eggs?

Which base-pairing system is correct?

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Franklin

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Chargaff

Which scientist(s) identified the transforming substance involved in changing harmless (R) bacteria to lethal (S) bacteria?

Does reproductive cloning always involve somatic cell nuclear transfer?

Fred Griffith's experiment, in which he used two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, demonstrated that _____.

Each DNA double helix has a backbone that consists of alternating ____.

DNA is replicated by a process called ____________________.

A bacterium undergoes four rounds of replication. How many cells would result, and how many of those cells would still have part of an original DNA strand from the starting bacterium?

Rosalind Franklin created the first ____.

Hydrogen bonding is strongest between ____.

In ____________________, one somatic cell is fused with an enucleated egg.

Which statement is true of DNA's structure?​

Which statement is true of embryonic splitting?

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Avery and McCarty

Invitation to Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Starts - Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

From Dna to Protein

Gene Control

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Organizating Information About Species

Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses - Bacteria - and Archaea

Protists - the Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolution - the Invertibrates

Animal Evolution - the Chordates

Human Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Filters

discovered the basis for the rule, which states that the amounts of adenine and thymine are identical, as are the amounts of cytosine and guanine.

Which statement is true of DNA's structure?