Question 1

Figure 19.3
  
-The area in which there is a spark discharge in the accompanying figure represents ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​sunlight energy in the environment. 
B)  ​heat energy in the environment. 
C)  ​electrical energy in the environment. 
D)  ​ionizing radiation in the environment. 
E)  ​the explosion of the hydrogen gas to release energy for the reactions. 
A)  ​sunlight energy in the environment. 
B)  ​heat energy in the environment. 
C)  ​electrical energy in the environment. 
D)  ​ionizing radiation in the environment. 
E)  ​the explosion of the hydrogen gas to release energy for the reactions. C

Question 2

According to the __________, the universe formed about 13 to 15 billion years ago and is still expanding.

Accepted Answer

big bang theory​

Question 3

Four of the following statement about protocells are true. Which statement is false?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​They are simple membrane-bound sacs. 
B)  ​They contain DNA. 
C)  ​They are able to engage in metabolism. 
D)  ​They are able to reproduce. 
E)  ​They are able to capture energy. 
A)  ​They are simple membrane-bound sacs. 
B)  ​They contain DNA. 
C)  ​They are able to engage in metabolism. 
D)  ​They are able to reproduce. 
E)  ​They are able to capture energy. B

Question 4

Aerobic respiration became established as a result of the evolution of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​the first protocells 
B)  ​the first true cells 
C)  ​metabolism 
D)  ​the nuclear envelope 
E)  ​the oxygen-producing pathway of photosynthesis 
A)  ​the first protocells 
B)  ​the first true cells 
C)  ​metabolism 
D)  ​the nuclear envelope 
E)  ​the oxygen-producing pathway of photosynthesis

Question 5

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.

-Amoeba proteus

Accepted Answer

A)  a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type. 
B)  simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C)  a bacterial species thought to be a close relative of the bacteria ancestral to mitochondria 
D)  first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E)  bacteria able to withstand high levels of mutation-causing radiation
F) offered support for endosymbiosis
G) dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form).
H) RNAs that function as enzymes
I) earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group 
A)  a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type. 
B)  simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C)  a bacterial species thought to be a close relative of the bacteria ancestral to mitochondria 
D)  first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E)  bacteria able to withstand high levels of mutation-causing radiation
F) offered support for endosymbiosis
G) dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form).
H) RNAs that function as enzymes
I) earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group

Question 6

The formation of amino acids under abiotic conditions was important because they serve as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​a supply of structural units for proteins 
B)  ​enzymes to catalyze reactions 
C)  ​subunits in the formation of DNA 
D)  ​subunits in the formation of RNA 
E)  ​subunits for the formation of lipids 
A)  ​a supply of structural units for proteins 
B)  ​enzymes to catalyze reactions 
C)  ​subunits in the formation of DNA 
D)  ​subunits in the formation of RNA 
E)  ​subunits for the formation of lipids

Question 7

The accumulation of free oxygen in the atmosphere ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​was a result of the accumulation of a byproduct of a type of photosynthesis 
B)  ​caused the further spontaneous generation of life 
C)  ​provided the opportunity to extract more energy through anaerobic respiration 
D)  ​occurred immediately after the earth was formed 
E)  ​allowed for DNA to replace RNA as the primary data storage molecule 
A)  ​was a result of the accumulation of a byproduct of a type of photosynthesis 
B)  ​caused the further spontaneous generation of life 
C)  ​provided the opportunity to extract more energy through anaerobic respiration 
D)  ​occurred immediately after the earth was formed 
E)  ​allowed for DNA to replace RNA as the primary data storage molecule

Question 8

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.

-protocells

Accepted Answer

A)  	a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type 
B)  	simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C)  	a bacterial species thought to be a close relative of the bacteria ancestral to mitochondria 
D)  	first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E)  	bacteria able to withstand high levels of mutation-causing radiation
F) 	offered support for endosymbiosis
G) 	dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form)
H) 	RNAs that function as enzymes
I) 	earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group 
A)  	a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type 
B)  	simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C)  	a bacterial species thought to be a close relative of the bacteria ancestral to mitochondria 
D)  	first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E)  	bacteria able to withstand high levels of mutation-causing radiation
F) 	offered support for endosymbiosis
G) 	dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form)
H) 	RNAs that function as enzymes
I) 	earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group

Question 9

Which step in the evolution of life is the most complex and probably occurred last?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​formation of DNA 
B)  ​formation of protein-RNA systems 
C)  ​formation of membrane-bound proto-cells 
D)  ​spontaneous formation of organic compounds under abiotic conditions 
E)  ​formation of ATP 
A)  ​formation of DNA 
B)  ​formation of protein-RNA systems 
C)  ​formation of membrane-bound proto-cells 
D)  ​spontaneous formation of organic compounds under abiotic conditions 
E)  ​formation of ATP

Question 10

During the first major divergence of life, the atmosphere was ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​high in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide 
B)  ​high in hydrogen, low in oxygen 
C)  ​changing from anaerobic to aerobic 
D)  ​firmly in the age of aerobes 
E)  ​high in oxygen, low in carbon dioxide 
A)  ​high in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide 
B)  ​high in hydrogen, low in oxygen 
C)  ​changing from anaerobic to aerobic 
D)  ​firmly in the age of aerobes 
E)  ​high in oxygen, low in carbon dioxide

Question 11

Laboratory simulations provide indirect evidence that organic compounds such as __________ and __________ self-assemble spontaneously under conditions like those thought to have prevailed on the early Earth.

Accepted Answer

amino acid

Question 12

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.

-He/she conducted the first primitive atmosphere simulation experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  	David Deamer 
B)  	Stanley Miller 
C)  	Kwang Jeon 
D)  	Leslie Orgel 
E)  	Oliver Hardy 
A)  	David Deamer 
B)  	Stanley Miller 
C)  	Kwang Jeon 
D)  	Leslie Orgel 
E)  	Oliver Hardy

Question 13

The endomembrane system did not start developing until the atmosphere was ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​high in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide 
B)  ​high in hydrogen, low in oxygen 
C)  ​changing from low oxygen to high oxygen levels 
D)  ​firmly in the age of aerobes 
E)  ​low in hydrogen, low in oxygen 
A)  ​high in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide 
B)  ​high in hydrogen, low in oxygen 
C)  ​changing from low oxygen to high oxygen levels 
D)  ​firmly in the age of aerobes 
E)  ​low in hydrogen, low in oxygen

Question 14

The first cells were ____.
Anaerobic

Accepted Answer

A)  ​autotrophic 
B)  ​parasitic 
C)  ​anaerobic 
D)  ​aerobic 
E)  ​necrotic 
A)  ​autotrophic 
B)  ​parasitic 
C)  ​anaerobic 
D)  ​aerobic 
E)  ​necrotic

Question 15

Membrane-like structures form when proteins or lipids are mixed with water. They serve as a model for __________, which may have preceded cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Membrane-like structures form when proteins or lipids...

Question 16

The first eukaryotic fossils are dated to about ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​2.7 billion years ago 
B)  ​1.8 billion years ago 
C)  ​1.5 billion years ago 
D)  ​750 million years ago 
E)  ​201 million years ago 
A)  ​2.7 billion years ago 
B)  ​1.8 billion years ago 
C)  ​1.5 billion years ago 
D)  ​750 million years ago 
E)  ​201 million years ago

Question 17

The oldest proposed cell microfossils are from ____ year-old rocks.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​3.5 billion 
B)  ​1.25 billion 
C)  ​1.8 billion 
D)  ​1.5 billion 
E)  ​500 million 
A)  ​3.5 billion 
B)  ​1.25 billion 
C)  ​1.8 billion 
D)  ​1.5 billion 
E)  ​500 million

Question 18

The folding inward of the plasma membrane of an ancestral prokaryote likely evolved into ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​the Golgi apparatus 
B)  ​protists 
C)  ​DNA 
D)  ​the nucleus 
E)  ​mitochondria 
A)  ​the Golgi apparatus 
B)  ​protists 
C)  ​DNA 
D)  ​the nucleus 
E)  ​mitochondria

Question 19

The bacterial species Gemmata obscuriglobus can withstand high levels of radiation because ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​it has a membrane around its DNA 
B)  ​its DNA is extra stable 
C)  ​it is protected from the radiation by chloroplasts 
D)  ​its Golgi bodies decontaminate the cell 
E)  ​its circular DNA is inherently stable 
A)  ​it has a membrane around its DNA 
B)  ​its DNA is extra stable 
C)  ​it is protected from the radiation by chloroplasts 
D)  ​its Golgi bodies decontaminate the cell 
E)  ​its circular DNA is inherently stable

Question 20

The ozone layer is valuable because it blocks​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​heat. 
B)  ​UV radiation. 
C)  ​radio waves. 
D)  ​asteroids. 
E)  ​X-rays. 
A)  ​heat. 
B)  ​UV radiation. 
C)  ​radio waves. 
D)  ​asteroids. 
E)  ​X-rays.

Exam 19: Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Figure 19.3 -The area in which there is a spark discharge in the accompanying figure represents ____.

According to the __________, the universe formed about 13 to 15 billion years ago and is still expanding.

Four of the following statement about protocells are true. Which statement is false?​

Aerobic respiration became established as a result of the evolution of ____.

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -Amoeba proteus

The formation of amino acids under abiotic conditions was important because they serve as ____.

The accumulation of free oxygen in the atmosphere ____.

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -protocells

Which step in the evolution of life is the most complex and probably occurred last?​

During the first major divergence of life, the atmosphere was ____.

Laboratory simulations provide indirect evidence that organic compounds such as __________ and __________ self-assemble spontaneously under conditions like those thought to have prevailed on the early Earth.

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -He/she conducted the first primitive atmosphere simulation experiment.

The endomembrane system did not start developing until the atmosphere was ____.

The first cells were ____. Anaerobic

Membrane-like structures form when proteins or lipids are mixed with water. They serve as a model for __________, which may have preceded cells.

The first eukaryotic fossils are dated to about ____.

The oldest proposed cell microfossils are from ____ year-old rocks.

The folding inward of the plasma membrane of an ancestral prokaryote likely evolved into ____.

The bacterial species Gemmata obscuriglobus can withstand high levels of radiation because ____.

The ozone layer is valuable because it blocks​

Invitation to Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Starts - Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

Dna Structure and Function

From Dna to Protein

Gene Control

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Organizating Information About Species

Viruses - Bacteria - and Archaea

Protists - the Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolution - the Invertibrates

Animal Evolution - the Chordates

Human Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Filters

Four of the following statement about protocells are true. Which statement is false?

Which step in the evolution of life is the most complex and probably occurred last?

Laboratory simulations provide indirect evidence that organic compounds such as and self-assemble spontaneously under conditions like those thought to have prevailed on the early Earth.

The ozone layer is valuable because it blocks