Exam 40: Maintaining the Internal Environment

For water to leave a kidney tubule by osmosis, the interstitial fluid around that region of tubule must be ____ relative to the filtrate inside the tubule.

-In the structural figure of a nephron shown above, which part is the glomerulus?

Chart the path of urine from the blood to the outside of the body.

The urinary system helps to maintain the extracellular fluid pH by ____.

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.​ -__________ and __________ fluid are the main components of extracellular fluid. A)Bowman's capsule B)​proximal tubule C)​descending portion of loop of Henle D)​distal tubule

The hairpin turn of the nephron is the ____.

Use the figure above showing of the structure of the human kidney to answer the following question. -Blood flows from the peritubular capillaries to the structure indicated by the letter ____.

____ and ____ that enter Bowman's capsule are reabsorbed.

Blood pressure drives filtration in the ____.

In flatworms, the action of ciliated __________ draws interstitial fluid into a system of tubes that delivers it to the body surface.

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​ -tubular reabsorption

In freshwater sponges and other simple freshwater animals, water flows into the body by __________.

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​ -hemodialysis

__________ such as reptiles control core temperature mainly by behavior.

The first step in urine formation is when blood pressure forces protein-free plasma out of glomerular capillaries and into ____.

-Where does hormonal adjustment to solute and volume levels occur?

In insects and spiders, __________ take up fluid, uric acid, and solutes from the blood and deliver them to the gut.

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below.​ -Permeability to water is regulated by antidiuretic hormone in this structure.

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.​ -glomerular filtration

Long-term exposure to cold can alter metabolism and encourage __________ in which brown adipose tissue produces heat.