Exam 8: Learning

________ is defined as the process of changing behavior by manipulating the consequences of that behavior.

Not attending lecture after taking an exam is an example of a ________.

Gia works in an open-plan office. Initially, she thought that she would find it difficult to mute out the surrounding sounds, but later she realized that the low hum of the air-conditioning and the clicks of the various keyboard systems became background noise that she could ignore. This scenario is an example of ________.

In Pavlov's classical conditioning study, the neutral stimulus that was presented to the dog was ________.

The behavior that an organism learns to perform when presented with a conditioned stimulus is termed as a(n) ________.

The beeper sounds in your car until you fasten your seat belt. The removal of the annoying beeping is ________ for fastening the seat belt.

The reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired behavior is called ________.

Every time Bernie does his chores, his mother gives him money. Which type of reinforcement is Bernie receiving?

Whenever Tony plays a complicated drum pattern in time, he gets a dollar from his drum instructor. Hence, Tony always tries to play the pattern perfectly. This is an example of ________.

Which of the following facts regarding reinforcement was noted by Albert Bandura?

Kandel, Fields, and others have shown that learning results in the growth of new ________ in the brain.

A simple association forms between two events when ________.

Revoking a child's TV-watching privileges for repeatedly hitting a sibling is a form of ________ if it stops the hitting.

By pairing a flashing light with a loud noise, a researcher has taught a rat to exhibit a fear response to the light, when the light is flashed amidst darkness. What is the conditioned stimulus in this study?

Giving a dog a treat every time it jumps on command is an example of ________.

The extension of the association between the unconditioned and the conditioned stimulus to a broad array of similar stimuli is called ________.

For every 10 cars Gus sells, he gets a bonus. Gus's sales are being reinforced according to a ________.

Which of the following scenarios best represents variable-ratio schedule?

Brenda recently joined a new company. She watches how her colleagues dress and act so that she can fit in better. This type of learning is referred to as ________.

Research on spontaneous recovery suggests that ________.