Exam 8: Learning

When being photographed, Maria used to blink whenever the flash went off. Now, Maria starts blinking every time she is photographed, even before the camera's flash goes off. To Maria, the camera has become a(n) ________.

In order for an association to form between them, the ________ must be paired or presented very close together in time.

Five-year old Hannah learns how to operate the TV remote by watching her mother use it. This is an example of ________.

The learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement and is not demonstrated until later when reinforcement occurs, is called ________.

Which of the following studies has employed forward conditioning?

Jeremy sees his older sister practicing karate and imitates it. According to Albert Bandura's social learning theory, this is an example of ________.

Which is the true statement regarding mirror neuron system (MNS)?

The weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response in the absence of the pairing of unconditioned stimuli and conditioned stimuli is called ________.

Most teens start smoking because they seek some of the rewards that appear to come with smoking: coolness, peer acceptance, and looking like an adult. All of these rewards are ________ reinforcers.

Janet, a nine-year-old, hears her father swearing at someone over the telephone. The next day, she imitates her father and swears at another child in the school. According to Albert Bandura's social learning theory, this is an example of ________.

While training his dog, Mark first says the word "sit" and once the dog sits, he gives her a treat. Immediately after this, he says, "Good dog!" He repeats the same process many times, and each time his dog sits after listening to his command. In this example, which of the following is the primary reinforcer?

After a response has been extinguished, it is quite common for the response to reappear spontaneously if a person ________.

________ reinforcers are innate and often satisfy biological needs.

________ is defined as the thought processes involved in representing parts of the body and/or reenacting bodily actions in thoughts.

Which of the following scenarios best depicts spontaneous recovery?

As a child, Rahul was bitten by a spider and thereafter developed an intense phobia of them. His mother, in an effort to treat Rahul's phobia, eventually took him to a psychologist who gradually exposed him to spiders. After a few sessions of having nonthreatening experiences with spiders, Rahul was able to overcome his phobia. In the context of classical conditioning, this is an example of ________.