Exam 3: Structure of the Atom

Predict which atom is most likely to form a negative ion.

Determine the period and group in the periodic chart that contains the element with the following electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁴

What is the maximum number of unpaired electrons that can be accommodated in a 5d subshell?

Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing first ionization energies.

What is the core charge for the silicon atom, Si?

Which element is represented by the following PES spectrum?

A recent article in Scientific American notes that life would be impossible on any planet close enough to the Sun to boil water, or far enough from the Sun that water froze. It also argues that the Earth is in one of the few parts of the galaxy where life could exist. Too close to the core, and either collisions with other objects would destroy the planet or cosmic radiation from neighboring stars would destroy life. Too far from the sun and there wouldn't be enough of the elements needed to form a planet. Let's assume that radiation becomes particularly dangerous to life when it carries enough energy to ionize a water molecule when it is absorbed. ? Use Avogadro's number and Planck's constant to calculate the frequency of this radiation to one significant figure. (Hint: Pay close attention to units!)

Theoreticians predict that the element with atomic number 120 will be more stable than the elements recently discovered with atomic numbers between 103 and 109. Based on the order of filling of atomic orbitals, the chemistry of this element should most closely resemble the chemistry of which of the following?

Arrange the following elements in order of increasing first ionization energy: S, Ar, Ca

O₂ molecules can dissociate to form O atoms by absorbing electromagnetic radiation. If it takes 498 kJ to dissociate one mole of O₂ molecules to form two moles of O atoms, in what portion of the electromagnetic spectrum would light have sufficient energy to cause this reaction to occur?

Which atom contains the largest number of unpaired electrons?

What do we mean when we say that "The energy of the electron in an atom is quantized?"

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the subshell for which n = 3 and l = 2?

Determine the group of the periodic table in which an element with the following electron configuration belongs: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁴

Arrange the following atoms in order of decreasing energy needed to remove the most tightly held electron (the electron closest to the nucleus). Na, Mg, Al, P

In 1814 Fraunhofer observed a series of dark lines in the sun's spectrum, which he labeled A through H. About 50 years later, Gustav Kirchhoff noticed that the wavelength of light given off when sodium salts are added to a flame is the same as the wavelength of the D line in Fraunhofer's spectrum. He concluded that certain substances give off light when heated that has the same wavelength as the light absorbed under other conditions. The wavelength of the characteristic yellow-orange light emitted by sodium ions in a burner flame is 589.5923 nm. What is the energy of this light, in units of kJ/mol?

Water ionizes according to the following reaction which requires approximately 1200 kJ/mol of energy H₂O(l) + h v $\rightarrow$ H₂O⁺ + e^- In what portion of the electromagnetic spectrum are you likely to find the radiation that carries just enough energy to be dangerous to life because it can ionize the water that is so important to living organisms?

Which transition shown below will require the absorption of the shortest wavelength photon?

Which of the following quantum numbers can have a value that is not an integer?

Which of the following describes the electron configuration for the Sn²⁺ ion?