Question 1

Reactivity is least likely to be a problem in _____ research.

Accepted Answer

A)  ex post facto 
B)  archival 
C)  observational 
D)  testing 
A)  ex post facto 
B)  archival 
C)  observational 
D)  testing

Question 2

Without doing any calculations, describe the relationship for the following pairs of observations.
 $\begin{array}{cc}
\mathrm{X}&\mathrm{Y} \
\hline6&118\
12 & 109 \
3 & 144 \
10 & 111 \
1 & 142
\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  little or no relationship 
D)  curvilinear 
A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  little or no relationship 
D)  curvilinear

Question 3

If the correlation between X and Y is -.50, then the coefficient of determination is

Accepted Answer

A)  .50 
B)  -.50 
C)  .25 
D)  .10 
A)  .50 
B)  -.50 
C)  .25 
D)  .10

Question 4

With testing, ____ is usually less of a problem than with other descriptive methods.

Accepted Answer

A)  construct validity 
B)  internal validity 
C)  external validity 
D)  a and b 
A)  construct validity 
B)  internal validity 
C)  external validity 
D)  a and b

Question 5

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  +.42 
B)  +.89 
C)  +1.26 
D)  -.91 
A)  +.42 
B)  +.89 
C)  +1.26 
D)  -.91

Question 6

Observational techniques are only used in correlational research.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

. Statistically significant results mean that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the results are important, provided the data are a random sample of some population 
B)  a causal relationship exists in the sample, provided the data are a random sample of some population 
C)  a causal relationship exists in the population 
D)  the results would generalize to the population, provided the data are a random sample of some population 
A)  the results are important, provided the data are a random sample of some population 
B)  a causal relationship exists in the sample, provided the data are a random sample of some population 
C)  a causal relationship exists in the population 
D)  the results would generalize to the population, provided the data are a random sample of some population

Question 8

If you uncover a relationship that is statistically significant at the .001 level, you can conclude that your variables are most likely causally linked.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A correlation between two hypothetical measures is +.80. What percentage of the variability in one measure is accounted for by its relationship with the other measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  80% 
B)  64% 
C)  36% 
D)  89% 
A)  80% 
B)  64% 
C)  36% 
D)  89%

Question 10

Using inferential statistics on correlational data

Accepted Answer

A)  is impossible 
B)  is totally unnecessary 
C)  allows you to make causal inferences from a random sample 
D)  allows you to generalize from a random sample to its population 
A)  is impossible 
B)  is totally unnecessary 
C)  allows you to make causal inferences from a random sample 
D)  allows you to generalize from a random sample to its population

Question 11

Archival research is considered to be a nonreactive method of data collection because

Accepted Answer

A)  the compilers of the archives will be deceased at the time of the archival analysis 
B)  most often the records were kept for reasons unrelated to behavioral research 
C)  archival records may be assumed to be error free 
D)  studying public records never poses questions of ethics or values 
A)  the compilers of the archives will be deceased at the time of the archival analysis 
B)  most often the records were kept for reasons unrelated to behavioral research 
C)  archival records may be assumed to be error free 
D)  studying public records never poses questions of ethics or values

Question 12

Descriptive research can do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate causal hypotheses 
B)  increase our ability to predict behavior 
C)  establish causality 
D)  a and b 
A)  stimulate causal hypotheses 
B)  increase our ability to predict behavior 
C)  establish causality 
D)  a and b

Question 13

A correlation coefficient of -.87 means that there is

Accepted Answer

A)  a strong but not perfect relationship 
B)  a perfect relationship 
C)  a very weak relationship 
D)  no relationship 
A)  a strong but not perfect relationship 
B)  a perfect relationship 
C)  a very weak relationship 
D)  no relationship

Question 14

Which scatterplot indicates a positive correlation between variables X and Y?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 15

A large and negative correlation coefficient means that

Accepted Answer

A)  high scores on one variable are associated with high scores on the other 
B)  low scores on one variable are associated with low scores on the other 
C)  high scores on one variable are associated with low scores on the other 
D)  the variables are not related 
A)  high scores on one variable are associated with high scores on the other 
B)  low scores on one variable are associated with low scores on the other 
C)  high scores on one variable are associated with low scores on the other 
D)  the variables are not related

Question 16

If your data is nominal rather than interval, conventional wisdom suggests you should use

Accepted Answer

A)  ANOVAs 
B)  Chi-square tests 
C)  median splits 
D)  Pearson rs 
A)  ANOVAs 
B)  Chi-square tests 
C)  median splits 
D)  Pearson rs

Question 17

Illusory correlation refers to a

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation that is not statistically significant 
B)  correlation that exceeds the value of +1.00 
C)  cluster of points on a scatterplot that suggests a correlation between two variables 
D)  perception of a relationship between two variables when none actually exists 
A)  correlation that is not statistically significant 
B)  correlation that exceeds the value of +1.00 
C)  cluster of points on a scatterplot that suggests a correlation between two variables 
D)  perception of a relationship between two variables when none actually exists

Question 18

Using median splits so that one can do a t test on correlational data is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a common practice 
B)  less powerful than testing the significance of the correlation coefficient 
C)  better than testing the significance of the correlation coefficient because it allows the investigator to determine if a variable caused a certain effect 
D)  both a and b 
A)  a common practice 
B)  less powerful than testing the significance of the correlation coefficient 
C)  better than testing the significance of the correlation coefficient because it allows the investigator to determine if a variable caused a certain effect 
D)  both a and b

Question 19

Scatterplots

Accepted Answer

A)  depict relationships as a cluster of dots 
B)  provide a preview of the fully measured relationship 
C)  show any pronounced curvilinearity in the data 
D)  both a and c 
A)  depict relationships as a cluster of dots 
B)  provide a preview of the fully measured relationship 
C)  show any pronounced curvilinearity in the data 
D)  both a and c

Question 20

A researcher is likely to obtain statistically significant results even when variables aren't related if

Accepted Answer

A)  the researcher conducts too many statistical tests 
B)  there is restriction of range. 
C)  there is a nonlinear relationship among the variables 
D)  the researcher fails to collect enough observations. 
A)  the researcher conducts too many statistical tests 
B)  there is restriction of range. 
C)  there is a nonlinear relationship among the variables 
D)  the researcher fails to collect enough observations.

Reactivity is least likely to be a problem in _____ research.

Without doing any calculations, describe the relationship for the following pairs of observations. 6 118 12 109 3 144 10 111 1 142

If the correlation between X and Y is -.50, then the coefficient of determination is

With testing, ____ is usually less of a problem than with other descriptive methods.

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?

Observational techniques are only used in correlational research.

. Statistically significant results mean that:

If you uncover a relationship that is statistically significant at the .001 level, you can conclude that your variables are most likely causally linked.

A correlation between two hypothetical measures is +.80. What percentage of the variability in one measure is accounted for by its relationship with the other measure?

Using inferential statistics on correlational data

Archival research is considered to be a nonreactive method of data collection because

Descriptive research can do which of the following?

A correlation coefficient of -.87 means that there is

Which scatterplot indicates a positive correlation between variables X and Y?

A large and negative correlation coefficient means that

If your data is nominal rather than interval, conventional wisdom suggests you should use

Illusory correlation refers to a

Using median splits so that one can do a t test on correlational data is:

Scatterplots

A researcher is likely to obtain statistically significant results even when variables aren't related if

Psychology, Science, and You

Ethics and Validity

Generating Research Hypotheses

Reading and Evaluating Research

Measuring and Manipulating Variables: Reliability and Validity

Choosing the Best Measure for Your Study

Survey Research

Internal Validity

The Simple Experiment

Expanding the Simple Experiment: The Multiple Group Experiment

Expanding the Simple Experiment: Factorial Designs

Within-Subjects Designs

Single-N Experiments and Quasi-Experiments

Writing Research Proposals and Reports

Appendix E: Using Theory to Generate Research Hypotheses

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Exam 7: Introduction to Descriptive Methods

Reactivity is least likely to be a problem in _____ research.

Without doing any calculations, describe the relationship for the following pairs of observations. 6 118 12 109 3 144 10 111 1 142

If the correlation between X and Y is -.50, then the coefficient of determination is

With testing, ____ is usually less of a problem than with other descriptive methods.

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?

Observational techniques are only used in correlational research.

. Statistically significant results mean that:

If you uncover a relationship that is statistically significant at the .001 level, you can conclude that your variables are most likely causally linked.

A correlation between two hypothetical measures is +.80. What percentage of the variability in one measure is accounted for by its relationship with the other measure?

Using inferential statistics on correlational data

Archival research is considered to be a nonreactive method of data collection because

Descriptive research can do which of the following?

A correlation coefficient of -.87 means that there is

Which scatterplot indicates a positive correlation between variables X and Y?

A large and negative correlation coefficient means that

If your data is nominal rather than interval, conventional wisdom suggests you should use

Illusory correlation refers to a

Using median splits so that one can do a t test on correlational data is:

Scatterplots

A researcher is likely to obtain statistically significant results even when variables aren't related if

Psychology, Science, and You

Ethics and Validity

Generating Research Hypotheses

Reading and Evaluating Research

Measuring and Manipulating Variables: Reliability and Validity

Choosing the Best Measure for Your Study

Survey Research

Internal Validity

The Simple Experiment

Expanding the Simple Experiment: The Multiple Group Experiment

Expanding the Simple Experiment: Factorial Designs

Within-Subjects Designs

Single-N Experiments and Quasi-Experiments

Writing Research Proposals and Reports

Appendix E: Using Theory to Generate Research Hypotheses

Filters