Question 1

Which of the following poses a problem for the time-series design?

Accepted Answer

A)  inconsistent instrumentation effects 
B)  inconsistent mortality effects 
C)  inconsistent testing effects 
D)  all of the above 
A)  inconsistent instrumentation effects 
B)  inconsistent mortality effects 
C)  inconsistent testing effects 
D)  all of the above

Question 2

Random assignment works by turning nontreatment variables into random variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Conducting the study in a short period of time should reduce all of the following threats EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  mortality 
D)  regression 
A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  mortality 
D)  regression

Question 4

When comparing a disadvantaged group that gets the treatment to an advantaged group that gets no-treatment, all of the following are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Regression effects may make the treatment seem more effective than it is 
B)  Selection by maturation effects may make the treatment seem less effective than it is 
C)  The most convincing evidence for the treatment's effect is if the treatment group scores better than the no-treatment group 
D)  Matching will not make the groups equivalent. 
A)  Regression effects may make the treatment seem more effective than it is 
B)  Selection by maturation effects may make the treatment seem less effective than it is 
C)  The most convincing evidence for the treatment's effect is if the treatment group scores better than the no-treatment group 
D)  Matching will not make the groups equivalent.

Question 5

Using a reliable measure would be most effective against which threat?

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumentation 
B)  regression 
C)  selection 
D)  testing 
A)  instrumentation 
B)  regression 
C)  selection 
D)  testing

Question 6

Compare and contrast the single-n design with a within-subjects design.

Accepted Answer

The single-n design and within-subjects

Question 7

The ABA design

Accepted Answer

A)  is a single n design 
B)  is a between-subjects design 
C)  is also called a reversal design 
D)  a and c 
A)  is a single n design 
B)  is a between-subjects design 
C)  is also called a reversal design 
D)  a and c

Question 8

Which of the following will NOT cause a change in the participant?

Accepted Answer

A)  history 
B)  instrumentation 
C)  maturation 
D)  testing 
A)  history 
B)  instrumentation 
C)  maturation 
D)  testing

Question 9

In a simple experiment, a statistically significant result has traditionally been interpreted as meaning that

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal precedence has been established 
B)  a stable baseline has been established 
C)  there is less than a 5% chance that the relationship between the independent and dependent variable is spurious 
D)  there is less than a 5% chance that temporal precedence has been violated 
A)  temporal precedence has been established 
B)  a stable baseline has been established 
C)  there is less than a 5% chance that the relationship between the independent and dependent variable is spurious 
D)  there is less than a 5% chance that temporal precedence has been violated

Question 10

What term refers to the fact that extraordinary or unusual events are likely to be followed by more ordinary events?

Accepted Answer

A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  mortality 
D)  regression 
A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  mortality 
D)  regression

Question 11

What strategies would you use to eliminate or minimize each of the eight threats to validity?

Accepted Answer

To eliminate or minimize threats to vali

Question 12

In an A-B design, the "B" stands for

Accepted Answer

A)  baseline measurement 
B)  stable baseline measurement 
C)  post-treatment measurement 
D)  dependent variable 
A)  baseline measurement 
B)  stable baseline measurement 
C)  post-treatment measurement 
D)  dependent variable

Question 13

Which of the following will cause a participant's scores to change, even though the participant hasn't actually changed?

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumentation 
B)  statistical regression 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b 
A)  instrumentation 
B)  statistical regression 
C)  both a and b 
D)  neither a nor b

Question 14

If you can keep participants from dropping out of your study, you can rule out the effects of mortality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The single n design which entails switching back and forth between the experimental and control condition is referred to as the _______ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  non-equivalent control 
B)  reversal 
C)  multiple-baseline 
D)  time-series 
A)  non-equivalent control 
B)  reversal 
C)  multiple-baseline 
D)  time-series

Question 16

By changing an A-B design to a A-B-A-B-A-B design, you probably do all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease the risk of carry-over effects 
B)  rule out cyclical maturation effects 
C)  rule out cyclical practice effects 
D)  increase your study's internal validity 
A)  decrease the risk of carry-over effects 
B)  rule out cyclical maturation effects 
C)  rule out cyclical practice effects 
D)  increase your study's internal validity

Question 17

The major threat to the validity of the non-equivalent control group design is

Accepted Answer

A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  mortality 
D)  selection 
A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  mortality 
D)  selection

Question 18

Two researchers do a non-equivalent control group study. Researcher A matches the groups on key variables, Researcher B does not. All of the following are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Researcher A has reduced the threat of selection 
B)  Researcher A is vulnerable to selection by maturation interactions 
C)  Researcher A is more vulnerable to testing effects 
D)  Researcher A is more vulnerable to regression effects 
A)  Researcher A has reduced the threat of selection 
B)  Researcher A is vulnerable to selection by maturation interactions 
C)  Researcher A is more vulnerable to testing effects 
D)  Researcher A is more vulnerable to regression effects

Question 19

In a reversal design, behavior may fail to return to baseline levels after the treatment is withdrawn. This could be due to

Accepted Answer

A)  carry-over effects 
B)  maturation effects 
C)  testing effects 
D)  all of the above 
A)  carry-over effects 
B)  maturation effects 
C)  testing effects 
D)  all of the above

Which of the following poses a problem for the time-series design?

Random assignment works by turning nontreatment variables into random variables.

Conducting the study in a short period of time should reduce all of the following threats EXCEPT

When comparing a disadvantaged group that gets the treatment to an advantaged group that gets no-treatment, all of the following are true EXCEPT

Using a reliable measure would be most effective against which threat?

Compare and contrast the single-n design with a within-subjects design.

The ABA design

Which of the following will NOT cause a change in the participant?

In a simple experiment, a statistically significant result has traditionally been interpreted as meaning that

What term refers to the fact that extraordinary or unusual events are likely to be followed by more ordinary events?

What strategies would you use to eliminate or minimize each of the eight threats to validity?

In an A-B design, the "B" stands for

Which of the following will cause a participant's scores to change, even though the participant hasn't actually changed?

If you can keep participants from dropping out of your study, you can rule out the effects of mortality.

The single n design which entails switching back and forth between the experimental and control condition is referred to as the _______ design.

By changing an A-B design to a A-B-A-B-A-B design, you probably do all of the following EXCEPT

The major threat to the validity of the non-equivalent control group design is

Two researchers do a non-equivalent control group study. Researcher A matches the groups on key variables, Researcher B does not. All of the following are true EXCEPT

In a reversal design, behavior may fail to return to baseline levels after the treatment is withdrawn. This could be due to

Psychology, Science, and You

Ethics and Validity

Generating Research Hypotheses

Reading and Evaluating Research

Measuring and Manipulating Variables: Reliability and Validity

Choosing the Best Measure for Your Study

Introduction to Descriptive Methods

Survey Research

Internal Validity

The Simple Experiment

Expanding the Simple Experiment: The Multiple Group Experiment

Expanding the Simple Experiment: Factorial Designs

Within-Subjects Designs

Writing Research Proposals and Reports

Appendix E: Using Theory to Generate Research Hypotheses

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Exam 14: Single-N Experiments and Quasi-Experiments

Which of the following poses a problem for the time-series design?

Random assignment works by turning nontreatment variables into random variables.

Conducting the study in a short period of time should reduce all of the following threats EXCEPT

When comparing a disadvantaged group that gets the treatment to an advantaged group that gets no-treatment, all of the following are true EXCEPT

Using a reliable measure would be most effective against which threat?

Compare and contrast the single-n design with a within-subjects design.

The ABA design

Which of the following will NOT cause a change in the participant?

In a simple experiment, a statistically significant result has traditionally been interpreted as meaning that

What term refers to the fact that extraordinary or unusual events are likely to be followed by more ordinary events?

What strategies would you use to eliminate or minimize each of the eight threats to validity?

In an A-B design, the "B" stands for

Which of the following will cause a participant's scores to change, even though the participant hasn't actually changed?

If you can keep participants from dropping out of your study, you can rule out the effects of mortality.

The single n design which entails switching back and forth between the experimental and control condition is referred to as the _______ design.

By changing an A-B design to a A-B-A-B-A-B design, you probably do all of the following EXCEPT

The major threat to the validity of the non-equivalent control group design is

Two researchers do a non-equivalent control group study. Researcher A matches the groups on key variables, Researcher B does not. All of the following are true EXCEPT

In a reversal design, behavior may fail to return to baseline levels after the treatment is withdrawn. This could be due to

Psychology, Science, and You

Ethics and Validity

Generating Research Hypotheses

Reading and Evaluating Research

Measuring and Manipulating Variables: Reliability and Validity

Choosing the Best Measure for Your Study

Introduction to Descriptive Methods

Survey Research

Internal Validity

The Simple Experiment

Expanding the Simple Experiment: The Multiple Group Experiment

Expanding the Simple Experiment: Factorial Designs

Within-Subjects Designs

Writing Research Proposals and Reports

Appendix E: Using Theory to Generate Research Hypotheses

Filters