Question 1

A reliable operational definition is

Accepted Answer

A)  never valid. 
B)  not always valid. 
C)  always valid. 
D)  valid as long as the procedure used in the study is valid. 
E)  valid only when the hypothesis is valid. 
A)  never valid. 
B)  not always valid. 
C)  always valid. 
D)  valid as long as the procedure used in the study is valid. 
E)  valid only when the hypothesis is valid.

Question 2

The presence of a confounding variable in an experiment renders the collected data as

Accepted Answer

A)  invalid. 
B)  unreliable. 
C)  nonbinding. 
D)  ineffective. 
E)  significant. 
A)  invalid. 
B)  unreliable. 
C)  nonbinding. 
D)  ineffective. 
E)  significant.

Question 3

Inferential statistics are useful in telling researchers whether the results of their experiments are

Accepted Answer

A)  important. 
B)  relevant to understanding some aspect of everyday life. 
C)  correlated with the results from other research. 
D)  due to chance. 
E)  affected by confounding variables . 
A)  important. 
B)  relevant to understanding some aspect of everyday life. 
C)  correlated with the results from other research. 
D)  due to chance. 
E)  affected by confounding variables .

Question 4

Explain the importance of operational definitions in scientific research.

Accepted Answer

The answer to this question should begin

Question 5

In an experiment, researchers manipulate the __________ of the __________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  value; dependent 
B)  truth or falsity; dependent 
C)  value; independent 
D)  truth or falsity; independent 
E)  strength; dependent 
A)  value; dependent 
B)  truth or falsity; dependent 
C)  value; independent 
D)  truth or falsity; independent 
E)  strength; dependent

Question 6

Dr. Johanssen's research finds that the productivity of accountants is greatest when they are middle-aged and tends to be lower in both younger and older age groups. The relationship between productivity and age in Dr Johanssen's research is

Accepted Answer

A)  a positive correlation. 
B)  a negative correlation. 
C)  non-significant. 
D)  inferential. 
E)  nonlinear. 
A)  a positive correlation. 
B)  a negative correlation. 
C)  non-significant. 
D)  inferential. 
E)  nonlinear.

Question 7

The reliability of a researcher's measurements can be affected by variability in the instructions a subject receives regarding his or her participation in the study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A confounding variable

Accepted Answer

A)  is deliberately manipulated by the experimenter. 
B)  is not deliberately manipulated by the experimenter. 
C)  is beyond the experimenter's ability to control. 
D)  only rarely affects subjects' performance in an experiment. 
E)  has the same effect as a control group. 
A)  is deliberately manipulated by the experimenter. 
B)  is not deliberately manipulated by the experimenter. 
C)  is beyond the experimenter's ability to control. 
D)  only rarely affects subjects' performance in an experiment. 
E)  has the same effect as a control group.

Question 9

A statistically significant finding means that the finding is an important one.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Any time an experimenter thinks that his or her study will involve some degree of subjectivity in measuring the dependent variable, he or she takes steps to

Accepted Answer

A)  counterbalance measurement effects. 
B)  randomly assign subjects to groups. 
C)  control for possible confounding of subject variables. 
D)  produce high interrater reliability. 
E)  utilize a valid control group. 
A)  counterbalance measurement effects. 
B)  randomly assign subjects to groups. 
C)  control for possible confounding of subject variables. 
D)  produce high interrater reliability. 
E)  utilize a valid control group.

Question 11

A high negative correlation, for example, -.85, indicates that low values on one measure are associated with high values on another measure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Replication with different samples of subjects can help increase the __________ of results.

Accepted Answer

A)  validity 
B)  generalizability 
C)  interrater reliability 
D)  cause-effect relations 
E)  randomization 
A)  validity 
B)  generalizability 
C)  interrater reliability 
D)  cause-effect relations 
E)  randomization

Question 13

The degree to which two or more independent observers agree in their ratings of a subject's behaviour is called interrater

Accepted Answer

A)  validity. 
B)  agreement. 
C)  reliability. 
D)  consistency. 
E)  control. 
A)  validity. 
B)  agreement. 
C)  reliability. 
D)  consistency. 
E)  control.

Question 14

In Dr. Darch's classes, scores on the midterm examination are highly positively correlated with scores on the final examination. If Kevin earned a 91 on Dr. Darch's midterm, then we would predict that on the final examination Kevin is most likely to earn a score

Accepted Answer

A)  below 50. 
B)  in the high 60s or low 70s. 
C)  in the high 70s or low 80s. 
D)  in the high 80s or low 90s. 
E)  higher than 95. 
A)  below 50. 
B)  in the high 60s or low 70s. 
C)  in the high 70s or low 80s. 
D)  in the high 80s or low 90s. 
E)  higher than 95.

Question 15

Dr. Kettle wants to know if the type of lighting (fluorescent or incandescent) under which participants read affects the number of pages of text that they can read in one hour. The dependent variable in this experiment is

Accepted Answer

A)  the type of lighting. 
B)  the amount of light. 
C)  fluorescent lighting. 
D)  incandescent lighting. 
E)  the number of pages of text read in one hour. 
A)  the type of lighting. 
B)  the amount of light. 
C)  fluorescent lighting. 
D)  incandescent lighting. 
E)  the number of pages of text read in one hour.

Question 16

If two variables are positively correlated, then in a scatterplot we should notice that high values of one variable are associated with __________ values of the other variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  low 
B)  high 
C)  intermediate 
D)  random 
E)  extreme 
A)  low 
B)  high 
C)  intermediate 
D)  random 
E)  extreme

Question 17

The validity of an operational definition refers to how consistent the measurement of a variable is from one time to the next.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

If we wanted to summarize a set of numbers in terms of a measure of central tendency we should use the

Accepted Answer

A)  range. 
B)  standard deviation. 
C)  median. 
D)  variance. 
E)  scattergram. 
A)  range. 
B)  standard deviation. 
C)  median. 
D)  variance. 
E)  scattergram.

Question 19

A variable that is inadvertently allowed to affect the value of the dependent variable is called a(n) __________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  unreliable 
B)  invalid 
C)  confounding 
D)  nuisance 
E)  nonexperimental 
A)  unreliable 
B)  invalid 
C)  confounding 
D)  nuisance 
E)  nonexperimental

Question 20

The text suggests that in the hypothetical SIRD stereogram study, the image could be placed in only one quadrant of the stereogram and subjects could be asked to indicate that quadrant when they reported detection. The purpose of this procedure would be to

Accepted Answer

A)  allow counterbalancing. 
B)  prevent confounding of variables. 
C)  improve subjects' response times. 
D)  increase the validity of the independent variable. 
E)  increase the validity of the dependent variable. 
A)  allow counterbalancing. 
B)  prevent confounding of variables. 
C)  improve subjects' response times. 
D)  increase the validity of the independent variable. 
E)  increase the validity of the dependent variable.

A reliable operational definition is

The presence of a confounding variable in an experiment renders the collected data as

Inferential statistics are useful in telling researchers whether the results of their experiments are

Explain the importance of operational definitions in scientific research.

In an experiment, researchers manipulate the of the variable.

Dr. Johanssen's research finds that the productivity of accountants is greatest when they are middle-aged and tends to be lower in both younger and older age groups. The relationship between productivity and age in Dr Johanssen's research is

The reliability of a researcher's measurements can be affected by variability in the instructions a subject receives regarding his or her participation in the study.

A confounding variable

A statistically significant finding means that the finding is an important one.

Any time an experimenter thinks that his or her study will involve some degree of subjectivity in measuring the dependent variable, he or she takes steps to

A high negative correlation, for example, -.85, indicates that low values on one measure are associated with high values on another measure.

Replication with different samples of subjects can help increase the __________ of results.

The degree to which two or more independent observers agree in their ratings of a subject's behaviour is called interrater

In Dr. Darch's classes, scores on the midterm examination are highly positively correlated with scores on the final examination. If Kevin earned a 91 on Dr. Darch's midterm, then we would predict that on the final examination Kevin is most likely to earn a score

Dr. Kettle wants to know if the type of lighting (fluorescent or incandescent) under which participants read affects the number of pages of text that they can read in one hour. The dependent variable in this experiment is

If two variables are positively correlated, then in a scatterplot we should notice that high values of one variable are associated with __________ values of the other variable.

The validity of an operational definition refers to how consistent the measurement of a variable is from one time to the next.

If we wanted to summarize a set of numbers in terms of a measure of central tendency we should use the

A variable that is inadvertently allowed to affect the value of the dependent variable is called a(n) __________ variable.

The text suggests that in the hypothetical SIRD stereogram study, the image could be placed in only one quadrant of the stereogram and subjects could be asked to indicate that quadrant when they reported detection. The purpose of this procedure would be to

The Science of Psychology

Evolution, Heredity, and Behaviour

Biology of Behaviour

Sensation

Perception

Learning and Behaviour

Memory

Consciousness

Language

Intelligence and Thinking

Lifespan Development

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Lifestyle, Stress, and Health

The Nature and Causes of Psychological Disorders

The Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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Exam 2: The Ways and Means of Psychology

A reliable operational definition is

The presence of a confounding variable in an experiment renders the collected data as

Inferential statistics are useful in telling researchers whether the results of their experiments are

Explain the importance of operational definitions in scientific research.

In an experiment, researchers manipulate the __________ of the __________ variable.

Dr. Johanssen's research finds that the productivity of accountants is greatest when they are middle-aged and tends to be lower in both younger and older age groups. The relationship between productivity and age in Dr Johanssen's research is

The reliability of a researcher's measurements can be affected by variability in the instructions a subject receives regarding his or her participation in the study.

A confounding variable

A statistically significant finding means that the finding is an important one.

Any time an experimenter thinks that his or her study will involve some degree of subjectivity in measuring the dependent variable, he or she takes steps to

A high negative correlation, for example, -.85, indicates that low values on one measure are associated with high values on another measure.

Replication with different samples of subjects can help increase the __________ of results.

The degree to which two or more independent observers agree in their ratings of a subject's behaviour is called interrater

In Dr. Darch's classes, scores on the midterm examination are highly positively correlated with scores on the final examination. If Kevin earned a 91 on Dr. Darch's midterm, then we would predict that on the final examination Kevin is most likely to earn a score

Dr. Kettle wants to know if the type of lighting (fluorescent or incandescent) under which participants read affects the number of pages of text that they can read in one hour. The dependent variable in this experiment is

If two variables are positively correlated, then in a scatterplot we should notice that high values of one variable are associated with __________ values of the other variable.

The validity of an operational definition refers to how consistent the measurement of a variable is from one time to the next.

If we wanted to summarize a set of numbers in terms of a measure of central tendency we should use the

A variable that is inadvertently allowed to affect the value of the dependent variable is called a(n) __________ variable.

The text suggests that in the hypothetical SIRD stereogram study, the image could be placed in only one quadrant of the stereogram and subjects could be asked to indicate that quadrant when they reported detection. The purpose of this procedure would be to

The Science of Psychology

Evolution, Heredity, and Behaviour

Biology of Behaviour

Sensation

Perception

Learning and Behaviour

Memory

Consciousness

Language

Intelligence and Thinking

Lifespan Development

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Lifestyle, Stress, and Health

The Nature and Causes of Psychological Disorders

The Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

In an experiment, researchers manipulate the of the variable.