Question 1

Inferential statistics are used to

Accepted Answer

A)  determine the central tendencies of a set of data. 
B)  determine how large a difference there is between group means. 
C)  determine whether the results of a study are due to chance. 
D)  identify the presence of confounding variables within a study. 
E)  compare the central tendencies of different conditions. 
A)  determine the central tendencies of a set of data. 
B)  determine how large a difference there is between group means. 
C)  determine whether the results of a study are due to chance. 
D)  identify the presence of confounding variables within a study. 
E)  compare the central tendencies of different conditions.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of clinical observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  a researcher formally measuring two variables to see if they are related 
B)  a researcher varying the levels of a drug to see if it affects a rat's behaviour 
C)  a researcher reading the results of a scientific publication 
D)  a researcher watching two birds building a nest in a tree 
E)  a researcher observing someone in order to diagnose a psychological disorder 
A)  a researcher formally measuring two variables to see if they are related 
B)  a researcher varying the levels of a drug to see if it affects a rat's behaviour 
C)  a researcher reading the results of a scientific publication 
D)  a researcher watching two birds building a nest in a tree 
E)  a researcher observing someone in order to diagnose a psychological disorder

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of naturalistic observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  a researcher formally measuring two variables to see if they are related 
B)  a researcher varying the levels of a drug to see if it affects a rat's behaviour 
C)  a researcher reading the results of a scientific publication 
D)  a researcher watching two birds building a nest in a tree 
E)  a researcher investigating if rats learn a maze quicker after being reinforced 
A)  a researcher formally measuring two variables to see if they are related 
B)  a researcher varying the levels of a drug to see if it affects a rat's behaviour 
C)  a researcher reading the results of a scientific publication 
D)  a researcher watching two birds building a nest in a tree 
E)  a researcher investigating if rats learn a maze quicker after being reinforced

Question 4

In a single-blind study,

Accepted Answer

A)  the experimenter does not know the value of the independent variable. 
B)  the subject does not know the value of the independent variable. 
C)  both the subject and the experimenter do not know the value of the independent variable. 
D)  both the subject and the experimenter do not know the value of the dependent variable. 
E)  a single rather than a double control group is used. 
A)  the experimenter does not know the value of the independent variable. 
B)  the subject does not know the value of the independent variable. 
C)  both the subject and the experimenter do not know the value of the independent variable. 
D)  both the subject and the experimenter do not know the value of the dependent variable. 
E)  a single rather than a double control group is used.

Question 5

If two scores are highly negatively correlated, then we would expect that large values of one variable would predict __________ values of the other variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  small 
B)  intermediate 
C)  large 
D)  both small and large 
E)  extreme 
A)  small 
B)  intermediate 
C)  large 
D)  both small and large 
E)  extreme

Question 6

Psychologists assume that the subjects in their study are passive participants whose behaviour will be affected wholly by the experimenter's manipulation of the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

If you wanted to calculate how much the numbers in a set of numbers differed from each other you would calculate the

Accepted Answer

A)  mean. 
B)  average. 
C)  median. 
D)  standard deviation. 
E)  range. 
A)  mean. 
B)  average. 
C)  median. 
D)  standard deviation. 
E)  range.

Question 8

Professor Lee wants to examine the effects of two different teaching methods. She uses the first method of teaching in her first year introductory course and the second method in her 2nd year advanced course. She find that student performances are better in the advanced class than in the introductory class. She concludes that the second teaching method is superior. What is the problem with her conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  The variables have invalid operational definitions. 
B)  There is no control group for comparison. 
C)  Stimuli presented to students were not counterbalanced. 
D)  Interrater reliability in measuring student performance was low. 
E)  Personal characteristics of subjects are confounded with teaching methods. 
A)  The variables have invalid operational definitions. 
B)  There is no control group for comparison. 
C)  Stimuli presented to students were not counterbalanced. 
D)  Interrater reliability in measuring student performance was low. 
E)  Personal characteristics of subjects are confounded with teaching methods.

Question 9

If the points in a scatterplot fall along a straight line, the relation between the two variables is said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  linear. 
B)  orthogonal. 
C)  nonlinear. 
D)  positive. 
E)  curvilinear. 
A)  linear. 
B)  orthogonal. 
C)  nonlinear. 
D)  positive. 
E)  curvilinear.

Question 10

Distinguish between a single-blind experiment and a double-blind experiment.

Accepted Answer

The answer to this question should first

Question 11

Because knowing the true nature of a study may bias a subject's behaviour and invalidate the findings from the study, researchers sometimes

Accepted Answer

A)  postpone informed consent until the subject's participation in the study is over. 
B)  skip debriefing altogether. 
C)  use deception. 
D)  do not promise subjects to keep their participation in the study confidential. 
E)  counterbalance the administration of the independent variable. 
A)  postpone informed consent until the subject's participation in the study is over. 
B)  skip debriefing altogether. 
C)  use deception. 
D)  do not promise subjects to keep their participation in the study confidential. 
E)  counterbalance the administration of the independent variable.

Question 12

Matching subjects on an important variable in a study is a form of random assignment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

An operational definition that accurately represents the variable whose value is manipulated or measured is said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  reliable. 
B)  valid. 
C)  objective. 
D)  efficacious. 
E)  scientific. 
A)  reliable. 
B)  valid. 
C)  objective. 
D)  efficacious. 
E)  scientific.

Question 14

Debriefing occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  during the informed consent portion of the research. 
B)  anytime before the independent variable is manipulated. 
C)  at any point during the course of the research. 
D)  after the subject's participation in the study has ended. 
E)  after the independent variable has been manipulated. 
A)  during the informed consent portion of the research. 
B)  anytime before the independent variable is manipulated. 
C)  at any point during the course of the research. 
D)  after the subject's participation in the study has ended. 
E)  after the independent variable has been manipulated.

Question 15

Deception in research can be used to

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid confounding of variables. 
B)  overcome the Hawthorne effect. 
C)  increase reliability. 
D)  avoid the double-blind. 
E)  as an alternative to counterbalancing. 
A)  avoid confounding of variables. 
B)  overcome the Hawthorne effect. 
C)  increase reliability. 
D)  avoid the double-blind. 
E)  as an alternative to counterbalancing.

Question 16

Humane treatment of animals used for research is

Accepted Answer

A)  relatively easy to achieve. 
B)  a matter of good experimental procedure. 
C)  limited to cats, dogs, and primates. 
D)  required only in cases where surgery is involved. 
E)  unregulated in Canada. 
A)  relatively easy to achieve. 
B)  a matter of good experimental procedure. 
C)  limited to cats, dogs, and primates. 
D)  required only in cases where surgery is involved. 
E)  unregulated in Canada.

Question 17

Which of the following measurements will tell us how closely related two sets of numbers are?

Accepted Answer

A)  central tendency 
B)  variability 
C)  mean 
D)  correlation coefficient 
E)  standard deviation 
A)  central tendency 
B)  variability 
C)  mean 
D)  correlation coefficient 
E)  standard deviation

Question 18

A correlation coefficient value of +1.0 indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  a stronger degree of correlation than -1.0. 
B)  that the two variables are causally related. 
C)  that a perfect relationship between the two variables exists. 
D)  that high values of one variable are predictive of low values on the other variable. 
E)  that the highest value on one variable will be associated with the lowest value on the other variable. 
A)  a stronger degree of correlation than -1.0. 
B)  that the two variables are causally related. 
C)  that a perfect relationship between the two variables exists. 
D)  that high values of one variable are predictive of low values on the other variable. 
E)  that the highest value on one variable will be associated with the lowest value on the other variable.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a major type of scientific research?

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic observation 
B)  experimentation 
C)  correlational studies 
D)  case studies 
E)  observational research 
A)  naturalistic observation 
B)  experimentation 
C)  correlational studies 
D)  case studies 
E)  observational research

Question 20

A key element in measuring the value of a dependent variable is to define the operations involved in the measurement of that variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Inferential statistics are used to

Which of the following is an example of clinical observation?

Which of the following is an example of naturalistic observation?

In a single-blind study,

If two scores are highly negatively correlated, then we would expect that large values of one variable would predict __________ values of the other variable.

Psychologists assume that the subjects in their study are passive participants whose behaviour will be affected wholly by the experimenter's manipulation of the independent variable.

If you wanted to calculate how much the numbers in a set of numbers differed from each other you would calculate the

If the points in a scatterplot fall along a straight line, the relation between the two variables is said to be

Distinguish between a single-blind experiment and a double-blind experiment.

Because knowing the true nature of a study may bias a subject's behaviour and invalidate the findings from the study, researchers sometimes

Matching subjects on an important variable in a study is a form of random assignment.

An operational definition that accurately represents the variable whose value is manipulated or measured is said to be

Debriefing occurs

Deception in research can be used to

Humane treatment of animals used for research is

Which of the following measurements will tell us how closely related two sets of numbers are?

A correlation coefficient value of +1.0 indicates

Which of the following is NOT a major type of scientific research?

A key element in measuring the value of a dependent variable is to define the operations involved in the measurement of that variable.

The Science of Psychology

Evolution, Heredity, and Behaviour

Biology of Behaviour

Sensation

Perception

Learning and Behaviour

Memory

Consciousness

Language

Intelligence and Thinking

Lifespan Development

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Lifestyle, Stress, and Health

The Nature and Causes of Psychological Disorders

The Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 2: The Ways and Means of Psychology

Inferential statistics are used to

Which of the following is an example of clinical observation?

Which of the following is an example of naturalistic observation?

In a single-blind study,

If two scores are highly negatively correlated, then we would expect that large values of one variable would predict __________ values of the other variable.

Psychologists assume that the subjects in their study are passive participants whose behaviour will be affected wholly by the experimenter's manipulation of the independent variable.

If you wanted to calculate how much the numbers in a set of numbers differed from each other you would calculate the

If the points in a scatterplot fall along a straight line, the relation between the two variables is said to be

Distinguish between a single-blind experiment and a double-blind experiment.

Because knowing the true nature of a study may bias a subject's behaviour and invalidate the findings from the study, researchers sometimes

Matching subjects on an important variable in a study is a form of random assignment.

An operational definition that accurately represents the variable whose value is manipulated or measured is said to be

Debriefing occurs

Deception in research can be used to

Humane treatment of animals used for research is

Which of the following measurements will tell us how closely related two sets of numbers are?

A correlation coefficient value of +1.0 indicates

Which of the following is NOT a major type of scientific research?

A key element in measuring the value of a dependent variable is to define the operations involved in the measurement of that variable.

The Science of Psychology

Evolution, Heredity, and Behaviour

Biology of Behaviour

Sensation

Perception

Learning and Behaviour

Memory

Consciousness

Language

Intelligence and Thinking

Lifespan Development

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Lifestyle, Stress, and Health

The Nature and Causes of Psychological Disorders

The Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters