Question 1

What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?

Accepted Answer

A) Microevolution is hypothetical because changes are too small to be observed, whereas macroevolution is detectable. 
B) Microevolution deals with microscopic organisms, whereas macroevolution deals with larger ones. 
C) Microevolution describes what happens in small populations, whereas macroevolution deals with large populations. 
D) Microevolution describes changes within a population over a short period of time, whereas macroevolution describes larger changes such as the formation of new species over longer periods of time. 
A) Microevolution is hypothetical because changes are too small to be observed, whereas macroevolution is detectable. 
B) Microevolution deals with microscopic organisms, whereas macroevolution deals with larger ones. 
C) Microevolution describes what happens in small populations, whereas macroevolution deals with large populations. 
D) Microevolution describes changes within a population over a short period of time, whereas macroevolution describes larger changes such as the formation of new species over longer periods of time.

Question 2

As world travel becomes easier and human populations intermix,the occurrence of what phenomenon will probably decrease?

Accepted Answer

A) mutation 
B) sexual selection 
C) immigration 
D) founder effect and genetic drift 
A) mutation 
B) sexual selection 
C) immigration 
D) founder effect and genetic drift

Question 3

Cheetahs are not a healthy species.Several million years ago they were widespread in Africa and Asia,but their numbers fell drastically during the last ice age and again when they were hunted to near extinction in the nineteenth century.Now,they suffer from low survivorship (a large number of animals dying),poor sperm quality,and greater susceptibility to disease.Normally,an animal will reject tissue transplanted from another animal,but cheetahs will not reject tissue grafted on to them from another cheetah.What happened to the cheetah? How did their genetic variation change? Where does genetic variation ultimately come from? What mechanism can maintain and increase genetic variation in natural populations?

Accepted Answer

Cheetahs went through a bottleneck twice

Question 4

When a population decreases in number until a small remnant of the original population remains,a ________ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a population decreases in number until...

Question 5

In ________ selection,individuals with an intermediate phenotype are favored over other individuals in the population.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In ________ selection,individuals with an intermediate phenotype...

Question 6

Which of the following males in a given population would be considered the most fit in an evolutionary sense?

Accepted Answer

A) one that produced 1,000 offspring, of which 100 survived but 99 did not reproduce 
B) one that produced 100 offspring, of which 10 survived but 9 did not reproduce 
C) one that produced 1,000 offspring, all of which died before reaching reproductive age 
D) one that produced two offspring, both of which survived and produced offspring of their own 
A) one that produced 1,000 offspring, of which 100 survived but 99 did not reproduce 
B) one that produced 100 offspring, of which 10 survived but 9 did not reproduce 
C) one that produced 1,000 offspring, all of which died before reaching reproductive age 
D) one that produced two offspring, both of which survived and produced offspring of their own

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: Chance events change allele frequencies in populations.
A small number of individuals from one area establish a new isolated population in another area.The gene frequencies of the new population differ from those of the original population.
Alleles migrate into or out of a population from neighboring populations.
Females tend to mate with brightly colored males.
Individuals with average phenotypes are favored over those with extreme phenotypes.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of founder effect and gene flow and genetic is...

Question 8

________ characters are continuously variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ characters are continuously variable....

Question 9

For the Galapagos Islands finch species Geospiza fortis,drought conditions produced a change in the population in which the next generation had larger beaks than the previous one.What produced this change in the population?

Accepted Answer

A) Birds with larger beaks had higher fitness, so they could produce more offspring that inherited the same trait. 
B) Birds with smaller beaks flew to nearby islands where food was more plentiful. 
C) Birds with smaller beaks had higher fitness, but they were outcompeted by birds with larger beaks. 
D) Birds with smaller beaks had higher fitness, but they waited to reproduce until wet weather returned. 
A) Birds with larger beaks had higher fitness, so they could produce more offspring that inherited the same trait. 
B) Birds with smaller beaks flew to nearby islands where food was more plentiful. 
C) Birds with smaller beaks had higher fitness, but they were outcompeted by birds with larger beaks. 
D) Birds with smaller beaks had higher fitness, but they waited to reproduce until wet weather returned.

Question 10

If a species of bird with an intermediate beak size evolves into two varieties,one with large beaks and one with small beaks,this could result from disruptive selection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

After several generations,35 percent of the island population is found to have AB+ blood.This is much higher than the percentage of AB+ people in the populations from which the original settlers came.The high percentage of AB+ blood is probably due to:

Accepted Answer

A) founder effect. 
B) selective mutation. 
C) disruptive selection. 
D) nonrandom mating. 
A) founder effect. 
B) selective mutation. 
C) disruptive selection. 
D) nonrandom mating.

Question 12

There can be more than two varieties of alleles for a particular gene in a population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is most likely to cause genetic changes in a population that make it better adapted to its environment?

Accepted Answer

A) nonrandom mating 
B) natural selection 
C) gene flow 
D) genetic drift 
A) nonrandom mating 
B) natural selection 
C) gene flow 
D) genetic drift

Question 14

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

Accepted Answer

A) gene flow: genes move from one population to another 
B) bottleneck effect: changes in allele frequencies due to chance events 
C) founder effect: only a small portion of an original population's gene pool are represented 
D) sexual selection: mating based on phenotype 
A) gene flow: genes move from one population to another 
B) bottleneck effect: changes in allele frequencies due to chance events 
C) founder effect: only a small portion of an original population's gene pool are represented 
D) sexual selection: mating based on phenotype

Question 15

One solution to the problem of species extinction is captive breeding in zoos and gardens.What are some of the problems associated with this solution?

Accepted Answer

The resulting population,becau

Question 16

Read the statement below, and then answer the following question(s).
A small population of deer is introduced to an island. All the males have 11 to 13 points on their antlers.
-If after several generations 30 percent of the males have antlers with 9 to 11 points,40 percent have antlers with 15 to 17 points,and 20 percent have antlers with 12 to 14 points,this development will have been the result of:

Accepted Answer

A) directional selection. 
B) disruptive selection. 
C) founder effect. 
D) stabilizing selection. 
A) directional selection. 
B) disruptive selection. 
C) founder effect. 
D) stabilizing selection.

Question 17

Evolution by genetic drift is most obvious in:

Accepted Answer

A) invertebrate species. 
B) migratory species. 
C) aquatic populations. 
D) small populations. 
A) invertebrate species. 
B) migratory species. 
C) aquatic populations. 
D) small populations.

Question 18

You are studying leaf size in a natural population of plants.The second season is particularly dry,and the following year the average leaf size in the population is smaller than the year before.But the amount of overall variation is the same,and the population size hasn't changed.Also,you've done experiments that show that small leaves are better adapted to dry conditions than are large leaves.Which of the following has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A) stabilizing selection 
B) directional selection 
C) genetic drift 
D) disruptive selection 
A) stabilizing selection 
B) directional selection 
C) genetic drift 
D) disruptive selection

Question 19

The gene pool for a particular gene would include:

Accepted Answer

A) the sum of all the alleles for all the traits in the population. 
B) all the alleles for a given trait in a particular individual organism of the population. 
C) the sum of all the phenotypes in the population. 
D) all the alleles for a particular gene in all the individuals in the population. 
A) the sum of all the alleles for all the traits in the population. 
B) all the alleles for a given trait in a particular individual organism of the population. 
C) the sum of all the phenotypes in the population. 
D) all the alleles for a particular gene in all the individuals in the population.

Question 20

Organisms that can interbreed with each other in nature but are genetically isolated from all other organisms are a:

Accepted Answer

A) genus. 
B) clone. 
C) species. 
D) family. 
A) genus. 
B) clone. 
C) species. 
D) family.

Exam 17: The Means of Evolution: Microevolution

What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?

As world travel becomes easier and human populations intermix,the occurrence of what phenomenon will probably decrease?

When a population decreases in number until a small remnant of the original population remains,a ________ has occurred.

In ________ selection,individuals with an intermediate phenotype are favored over other individuals in the population.

Which of the following males in a given population would be considered the most fit in an evolutionary sense?

________ characters are continuously variable.

For the Galapagos Islands finch species Geospiza fortis,drought conditions produced a change in the population in which the next generation had larger beaks than the previous one.What produced this change in the population?

If a species of bird with an intermediate beak size evolves into two varieties,one with large beaks and one with small beaks,this could result from disruptive selection.

After several generations,35 percent of the island population is found to have AB+ blood.This is much higher than the percentage of AB+ people in the populations from which the original settlers came.The high percentage of AB+ blood is probably due to:

There can be more than two varieties of alleles for a particular gene in a population.

Which of the following is most likely to cause genetic changes in a population that make it better adapted to its environment?

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

One solution to the problem of species extinction is captive breeding in zoos and gardens.What are some of the problems associated with this solution?

Evolution by genetic drift is most obvious in:

The gene pool for a particular gene would include:

Organisms that can interbreed with each other in nature but are genetically isolated from all other organisms are a:

Science As a Way of Learning: a Guide to the Natural World

Fundamental Building Blocks: Chemistry, water, and Ph

Lifes Components: Biological Molecules

Lifes Home: the Cell

Lifes Border: the Plasma Membrane

Lifes Mainspring: an Introduction to Energy

Vital Harvest: Deriving Energy From Food

The Green Worlds Gift: Photosynthesis

The Links in Lifes Chain: Genetics and Cell Division

Preparing for Sexual Reproduction: Meiosis

The First Geneticist: Mendel and His Discoveries

Units of Heredity: Chromosomes and Inheritance

Passing on Lifes Information: Dna Structure and Replication

How Proteins Are Made: Genetic Transcription, translation, and Regulation

The Future Isnt What It Used to Be: Biotechnology

An Introduction to Evolution: Charles Darwin, evolutionary Thought, and the Evidence for Evolution

The Outcomes of Evolution: Macroevolution

A Slow Unfolding: the History of Life on Earth

Arriving Late,traveling Far: the Evolution of Human Beings

Viruses,bacteria,archaea,and Protists: the Diversity of Life 1

Fungi: the Diversity of Life 2

Animals: the Diversity of Life 3

Plants: the Diversity of Life 4

The Angiosperms: Form and Function in Flowering Plants

Body Support and Movement: the Integumentary, skeletal, and Muscular Systems

Communication and Control 1: the Nervous System

Communication and Control 2: the Endocrine System

Defending the Body: the Immune System

Transport and Exchange 1: Blood and Breath

Transport and Exchange 2: Digestion, nutrition, and Elimination

An Amazingly Detailed Script: Animal Development

How the Baby Came to Be: Human Reproduction

An Interactive Living World 1: Populations in Ecology

An Interactive Living World 2: Communities in Ecology

An Interactive Living World 3: Ecosystems and Biomes

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