Question 1

Which of the following is true of vitamins?

Accepted Answer

A) They serve as a major energy source for cells. 
B) They are the main component of enzymes. 
C) They can serve as enzymes. 
D) They can serve as coenzymes. 
A) They serve as a major energy source for cells. 
B) They are the main component of enzymes. 
C) They can serve as enzymes. 
D) They can serve as coenzymes. D

Question 2

The first law of thermodynamics states that:

Accepted Answer

A) energy is required to bring molecules into a cell against a concentration gradient. 
B) in energy-yielding reactions, matter goes from a more-ordered to a less-ordered state. 
C) energy can be neither created nor destroyed. 
D) all living organisms must eat to derive energy. 
A) energy is required to bring molecules into a cell against a concentration gradient. 
B) in energy-yielding reactions, matter goes from a more-ordered to a less-ordered state. 
C) energy can be neither created nor destroyed. 
D) all living organisms must eat to derive energy. C

Question 3

Coupled reactions are:

Accepted Answer

A) reactions in which endergonic reactions obtain the energy to go forward from exergonic reactions. 
B) reactions in which exergonic reactions obtain the energy to go forward from endergonic reactions. 
C) any reactions that are accelerated by an enzyme. 
D) reactions that lower the activation energy of another reaction. 
A) reactions in which endergonic reactions obtain the energy to go forward from exergonic reactions. 
B) reactions in which exergonic reactions obtain the energy to go forward from endergonic reactions. 
C) any reactions that are accelerated by an enzyme. 
D) reactions that lower the activation energy of another reaction. A

Question 4

Which of the following accurately describes energy?

Accepted Answer

A) something that can cause movement 
B) something that produces heat 
C) something that has the capacity to do work 
D) something that must be eaten 
E) something that provides sunlight 
A) something that can cause movement 
B) something that produces heat 
C) something that has the capacity to do work 
D) something that must be eaten 
E) something that provides sunlight

Question 5

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows.
  
-The figure above represents allosteric inhibition.Based on the figure,what could be done to allow the enzyme to function again?

Accepted Answer

A) add more enzyme 
B) add more substrate 
C) remove some of the product 
D) remove some of the substrate 
A) add more enzyme 
B) add more substrate 
C) remove some of the product 
D) remove some of the substrate

Question 6

Which of the following describes a transition state molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) the distorted shape the product takes while being released from the enzyme 
B) the distorted shape the substrate takes when being converted by an enzyme into product 
C) the distorted shape the enzyme takes when converting substrate into product 
D) the distorted shape a coenzyme takes while it is bound to an enzyme 
A) the distorted shape the product takes while being released from the enzyme 
B) the distorted shape the substrate takes when being converted by an enzyme into product 
C) the distorted shape the enzyme takes when converting substrate into product 
D) the distorted shape a coenzyme takes while it is bound to an enzyme

Question 7

Which of the following is exergonic?

Accepted Answer

A) bringing glucose molecules together to form glycogen 
B) plants producing glucose from CO₂ 
C) bringing amino acids together to form proteins 
D) cells breaking down glucose into CO₂ 
A) bringing glucose molecules together to form glycogen 
B) plants producing glucose from CO₂ 
C) bringing amino acids together to form proteins 
D) cells breaking down glucose into CO₂

Question 8

In the ATP/ADP cycle:

Accepted Answer

A) food provides the energy needed to link phosphate to ADP to make ATP. 
B) food provides the energy needed to break down ATP into ADP. 
C) converting ADP into ATP is an energy-yielding reaction, whereas converting ATP into ADP is an energy-requiring reaction. 
D) after powering a reaction, ADP becomes ATP. 
A) food provides the energy needed to link phosphate to ADP to make ATP. 
B) food provides the energy needed to break down ATP into ADP. 
C) converting ADP into ATP is an energy-yielding reaction, whereas converting ATP into ADP is an energy-requiring reaction. 
D) after powering a reaction, ADP becomes ATP.

Question 9

Explain why enzymes are involved in exergonic reactions,such as lactose breaking down into glucose and galactose,and whether these reactions can occur spontaneously.

Accepted Answer

Although these reactions are e

Question 10

When we metabolize our food,we produce heat that helps to keep us warm.Which of the following best describes why?

Accepted Answer

A) Chewing is exothermic; therefore, energy is released in the form of heat when we eat food. 
B) When we break down food, all energy in the food is directly released in the form of heat. 
C) Producing ATP from ADP is exothermic; therefore, energy is released in the form of heat. 
D) When we break down our food, the reactions are not 100 percent efficient; therefore, energy is lost as heat. 
A) Chewing is exothermic; therefore, energy is released in the form of heat when we eat food. 
B) When we break down food, all energy in the food is directly released in the form of heat. 
C) Producing ATP from ADP is exothermic; therefore, energy is released in the form of heat. 
D) When we break down our food, the reactions are not 100 percent efficient; therefore, energy is lost as heat.

Question 11

Phosphofructokinase is an enzyme involved in glycolysis,which is a metabolic pathway involved in ATP production.It can be allosterically regulated by both ATP and ADP.Why is regulating the activity of this enzyme important? Predict what will happen to the rate of reaction when ATP levels in the cell are high,and predict what will happen when the levels of ADP in the cell are high.

Accepted Answer

When ATP levels in the cell are high,the

Question 12

During photosynthesis,plants use light energy to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide.However,plants do not use up energy during photosynthesis; they merely convert it from light energy to chemical energy.This is an illustration of:

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous reaction. 
B) chemical equilibrium. 
C) the second law of thermodynamics. 
D) the first law of thermodynamics. 
E) increasing entropy. 
A) spontaneous reaction. 
B) chemical equilibrium. 
C) the second law of thermodynamics. 
D) the first law of thermodynamics. 
E) increasing entropy.

Question 13

The diversity of chemical reactions occurring in a cell depends mostly on certain molecules present in the cells,which are called:

Accepted Answer

A) enzymes. 
B) proteins. 
C) cofactors. 
D) coenzymes. 
E) ribozymes. 
A) enzymes. 
B) proteins. 
C) cofactors. 
D) coenzymes. 
E) ribozymes.

Question 14

It is possible for a cell to harvest 100 percent of the energy from a chemical reaction to produce movement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Plants provide animals with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) food 
B) oxygen 
C) carbon dioxide 
D) food and oxygen 
E) food and carbon dioxide 
A) food 
B) oxygen 
C) carbon dioxide 
D) food and oxygen 
E) food and carbon dioxide

Question 16

Individuals with the genetic disease phenylketonuria (PKU)lack a single enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase,which converts the amino acid phenylalanine to the amino acid tyrosine.If this conversion does not happen,phenylalanine builds up and becomes toxic to the central nervous system,causing serious problems for the individual.The management of this disease is to avoid phenylalanine by severely limiting the amount of protein in the diet.How would this help?

Accepted Answer

Because phenylalanine is an am

Question 17

The structure of ATP includes each of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) the nitrogenous base adenosine. 
B) the sugar ribose. 
C) the nitrogenous base adenine. 
D) phosphate groups. 
A) the nitrogenous base adenosine. 
B) the sugar ribose. 
C) the nitrogenous base adenine. 
D) phosphate groups.

Question 18

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows.
  
-The figure above represents:

Accepted Answer

A) a metabolic pathway. 
B) lowering activation energy. 
C) competitive inhibition. 
D) allosteric regulation. 
A) a metabolic pathway. 
B) lowering activation energy. 
C) competitive inhibition. 
D) allosteric regulation.

Question 19

What is the energy currency of cells?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) glucose 
C) enzymes 
D) ADP 
E) vitamins 
A) ATP 
B) glucose 
C) enzymes 
D) ADP 
E) vitamins

Question 20

Some enzymes contain molecules in the active site that help facilitate chemical transformations.These molecules are called:

Accepted Answer

A) coenzymes. 
B) products. 
C) substrates. 
D) co-substrates. 
A) coenzymes. 
B) products. 
C) substrates. 
D) co-substrates.

Exam 6: Lifes Mainspring: an Introduction to Energy

Which of the following is true of vitamins?

The first law of thermodynamics states that:

Coupled reactions are:

Which of the following accurately describes energy?

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows. -The figure above represents allosteric inhibition.Based on the figure,what could be done to allow the enzyme to function again?

Which of the following describes a transition state molecule?

Which of the following is exergonic?

In the ATP/ADP cycle:

Explain why enzymes are involved in exergonic reactions,such as lactose breaking down into glucose and galactose,and whether these reactions can occur spontaneously.

When we metabolize our food,we produce heat that helps to keep us warm.Which of the following best describes why?

During photosynthesis,plants use light energy to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide.However,plants do not use up energy during photosynthesis; they merely convert it from light energy to chemical energy.This is an illustration of:

The diversity of chemical reactions occurring in a cell depends mostly on certain molecules present in the cells,which are called:

It is possible for a cell to harvest 100 percent of the energy from a chemical reaction to produce movement.

Plants provide animals with which of the following?

The structure of ATP includes each of the following except:

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows. -The figure above represents:

What is the energy currency of cells?

Some enzymes contain molecules in the active site that help facilitate chemical transformations.These molecules are called:

Science As a Way of Learning: a Guide to the Natural World

Fundamental Building Blocks: Chemistry, water, and Ph

Lifes Components: Biological Molecules

Lifes Home: the Cell

Lifes Border: the Plasma Membrane

Vital Harvest: Deriving Energy From Food

The Green Worlds Gift: Photosynthesis

The Links in Lifes Chain: Genetics and Cell Division

Preparing for Sexual Reproduction: Meiosis

The First Geneticist: Mendel and His Discoveries

Units of Heredity: Chromosomes and Inheritance

Passing on Lifes Information: Dna Structure and Replication

How Proteins Are Made: Genetic Transcription, translation, and Regulation

The Future Isnt What It Used to Be: Biotechnology

An Introduction to Evolution: Charles Darwin, evolutionary Thought, and the Evidence for Evolution

The Means of Evolution: Microevolution

The Outcomes of Evolution: Macroevolution

A Slow Unfolding: the History of Life on Earth

Arriving Late,traveling Far: the Evolution of Human Beings

Viruses,bacteria,archaea,and Protists: the Diversity of Life 1

Fungi: the Diversity of Life 2

Animals: the Diversity of Life 3

Plants: the Diversity of Life 4

The Angiosperms: Form and Function in Flowering Plants

Body Support and Movement: the Integumentary, skeletal, and Muscular Systems

Communication and Control 1: the Nervous System

Communication and Control 2: the Endocrine System

Defending the Body: the Immune System

Transport and Exchange 1: Blood and Breath

Transport and Exchange 2: Digestion, nutrition, and Elimination

An Amazingly Detailed Script: Animal Development

How the Baby Came to Be: Human Reproduction

An Interactive Living World 1: Populations in Ecology

An Interactive Living World 2: Communities in Ecology

An Interactive Living World 3: Ecosystems and Biomes

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