Question 1

A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines. This DNA molecule could be composed of

Accepted Answer

A) 120 adenine and 120 uracil molecules. 
B) 120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules. 
C) 120 cytosine and 120 thymine molecules. 
D) 240 adenine and 240 cytosine molecules. 
E) 240 guanine and 240 thymine molecules. 
A) 120 adenine and 120 uracil molecules. 
B) 120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules. 
C) 120 cytosine and 120 thymine molecules. 
D) 240 adenine and 240 cytosine molecules. 
E) 240 guanine and 240 thymine molecules.

Question 2

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5.8. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

-Which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers)of polypeptides?

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 4, and 6 
B) 2, 7, and 8 
C) 7, 8, and 13 
D) 11, 12, and 13 
E) 12, 13, and 15 
A) 1, 4, and 6 
B) 2, 7, and 8 
C) 7, 8, and 13 
D) 11, 12, and 13 
E) 12, 13, and 15

Question 3

What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A) peptide bonds 
B) hydrogen bonds 
C) disulfide bonds 
D) ionic bonds 
E) phosphodiester bonds 
A) peptide bonds 
B) hydrogen bonds 
C) disulfide bonds 
D) ionic bonds 
E) phosphodiester bonds

Question 4

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

Accepted Answer

A) is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar. 
B) can form a double-stranded molecule. 
C) has a six-membered ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. 
D) can attach to a phosphate. 
E) contains one less oxygen atom. 
A) is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar. 
B) can form a double-stranded molecule. 
C) has a six-membered ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. 
D) can attach to a phosphate. 
E) contains one less oxygen atom.

Question 5

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5.8. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

-Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) 5'-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-3' with 3'-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-5' 
B) 5'-A-G-C-T-3' with 5'-T-C-G-A-3' 
C) 5'-G-C-G-C-3' with 5'-T-A-T-A-3' 
D) 5'-A-T-G-C-3' with 5'-G-C-A-T-3' 
E) All of these pairs are correct. 
A) 5'-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-3' with 3'-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-5' 
B) 5'-A-G-C-T-3' with 5'-T-C-G-A-3' 
C) 5'-G-C-G-C-3' with 5'-T-A-T-A-3' 
D) 5'-A-T-G-C-3' with 5'-G-C-A-T-3' 
E) All of these pairs are correct.

Question 6

Construct a table that organizes the following terms, and label the columns and rows.
phosphodiester linkages polypeptides monosaccharides
peptide bonds triacylglycerols nucleotides
glycosidic linkages polynucleotides amino acids
ester linkages polysaccharides fatty acids

Accepted Answer

The answer of Construct a table that organizes the following...

Question 7

Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein?

Accepted Answer

A) 101 
B) 100 
C) 99 
D) 98 
E) 97 
A) 101 
B) 100 
C) 99 
D) 98 
E) 97

Question 8

Figure 5.3  
-Which of the following statements is True regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 5.3?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a saturated fatty acid. 
B) A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
C) Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
D) A and B only 
E) A, B and C 
A) It is a saturated fatty acid. 
B) A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
C) Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
D) A and B only 
E) A, B and C

Question 9

What would be an unexpected consequence of changing one amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A) The primary structure of the protein would be changed. 
B) The tertiary structure of the protein might be changed. 
C) The biological activity or function of the protein might be altered. 
D) Only A and C are correct. 
E) A, B, and C are correct. 
A) The primary structure of the protein would be changed. 
B) The tertiary structure of the protein might be changed. 
C) The biological activity or function of the protein might be altered. 
D) Only A and C are correct. 
E) A, B, and C are correct.

Question 10

A strong covalent bond between amino acids that functions in maintaining a polypeptide's specific three-dimensional shape is a (an)

Accepted Answer

A) ionic bond. 
B) hydrophobic interaction. 
C) van der Waals interaction. 
D) disulfide bond. 
E) hydrogen bond. 
A) ionic bond. 
B) hydrophobic interaction. 
C) van der Waals interaction. 
D) disulfide bond. 
E) hydrogen bond.

Question 11

All of the following contain amino acids except

Accepted Answer

A) hemoglobin. 
B) cholesterol. 
C) antibodies. 
D) enzymes. 
E) insulin. 
A) hemoglobin. 
B) cholesterol. 
C) antibodies. 
D) enzymes. 
E) insulin.

Question 12

Which of the following is True of both starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

A) They are both polymers of glucose. 
B) They are geometric isomers of each other. 
C) They can both be digested by humans. 
D) They are both used for energy storage in plants. 
E) They are both structural components of the plant cell wall. 
A) They are both polymers of glucose. 
B) They are geometric isomers of each other. 
C) They can both be digested by humans. 
D) They are both used for energy storage in plants. 
E) They are both structural components of the plant cell wall.

Question 13

Which of the following statements best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid. 
B) DNA is a protein, whereas RNA is a nucleic acid. 
C) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides. 
D) RNA is a double helix, but DNA is single-stranded. 
E) A and D are correct. 
A) RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid. 
B) DNA is a protein, whereas RNA is a nucleic acid. 
C) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides. 
D) RNA is a double helix, but DNA is single-stranded. 
E) A and D are correct.

Question 14

At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups)most important?

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary 
E) all of the above 
A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) quaternary 
E) all of the above

Question 15

What method did Frederick Sanger use to elucidate the structure of insulin?

Accepted Answer

A) X-ray crystallography 
B) bioinformatics 
C) analysis of amino acid sequence of small fragments 
D) NMR spectroscopy 
E) high-speed centrifugation 
A) X-ray crystallography 
B) bioinformatics 
C) analysis of amino acid sequence of small fragments 
D) NMR spectroscopy 
E) high-speed centrifugation

Question 16

Figure 5.5  
-Which of the following statements is/are True regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 5.5?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a hydrolysis reaction. 
B) It results in a peptide bond. 
C) It joins two fatty acids together. 
D) A and B only 
E) A, B, and C 
A) It is a hydrolysis reaction. 
B) It results in a peptide bond. 
C) It joins two fatty acids together. 
D) A and B only 
E) A, B, and C

Question 17

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5.8. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

-Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B) The phosphodiester linkages between deoxyribose sugars would be broken. 
C) The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D) The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
E) All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
A) The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B) The phosphodiester linkages between deoxyribose sugars would be broken. 
C) The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D) The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
E) All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.

Question 18

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)The probability of finding chitin in fungal cell walls
(B)The probability of finding chitin in arthropod exoskeletons

Accepted Answer

A) Item (
A) is greater than item (
B) . 
B) Item (
A) is less than item (
B) . 
C) Item (
A) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (
B) . 
D) Item (
A) may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (
B) . 
A) Item (
A) is greater than item (
B) . 
B) Item (
A) is less than item (
B) . 
C) Item (
A) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (
B) . 
D) Item (
A) may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (
B) .

Question 19

What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) tertiary protein 
B) chaperonin 
C) enzyme protein 
D) renaturing protein 
E) denaturing protein 
A) tertiary protein 
B) chaperonin 
C) enzyme protein 
D) renaturing protein 
E) denaturing protein

Question 20

What is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate?

Accepted Answer

A) sugar-phosphate backbone 
B) complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases 
C) disulfide bonding (bridging)of the two helixes 
D) twisting of the molecule to form an α helix 
E) three-component structure of the nucleotides 
A) sugar-phosphate backbone 
B) complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases 
C) disulfide bonding (bridging)of the two helixes 
D) twisting of the molecule to form an α helix 
E) three-component structure of the nucleotides

Exam 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines. This DNA molecule could be composed of

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5.8. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -Which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers)of polypeptides?

What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5.8. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA?

Construct a table that organizes the following terms, and label the columns and rows. phosphodiester linkages polypeptides monosaccharides peptide bonds triacylglycerols nucleotides glycosidic linkages polynucleotides amino acids ester linkages polysaccharides fatty acids

Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein?

Figure 5.3 -Which of the following statements is True regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 5.3?

What would be an unexpected consequence of changing one amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids?

A strong covalent bond between amino acids that functions in maintaining a polypeptide's specific three-dimensional shape is a (an)

All of the following contain amino acids except

Which of the following is True of both starch and cellulose?

Which of the following statements best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?

At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups)most important?

What method did Frederick Sanger use to elucidate the structure of insulin?

Figure 5.5 -Which of the following statements is/are True regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 5.5?

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)The probability of finding chitin in fungal cell walls (B)The probability of finding chitin in arthropod exoskeletons

What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins?

What is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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