Exam 4: Attention and Consciousness

Which of the following best describes the dual-task paradigm used to study divided attention in the laboratory?

In the making of a movie,any particular scene is often filmed several times.No matter how hard they try during the editing process,there is often some discontinuity in the scenes (e.g. ,an object suddenly changes location from one location to another).Failure to notices these changes would be an example of

As a child,every time you went to a place with large crowds,your mother had you wear a bright colored shirt.She knew that it would be easier to spot you in the crowd by the color of your shirt.She was making use of

__________ refers to the tendency to become accustomed to a stimulus and gradually to notice it less and less.

The __________ phenomenon refers to the process of tracking one conversation in the face of the distraction of other conversations.

Research has indicated that inspection time has a relationship with intelligence.Which of the following best describes this relationship?

A friend of yours is a teacher of young children.Based on the research on factors that influence attention,such as overall arousal,familiarity with task,degree of difficulty of task,and practice effects,what would you tell your friend to aid him in obtaining and maintaining the attention of young children?

The effects of practice on automatization show a __________ curve,in which early practice effects are great and later practice makes less and less difference in the degree of automatization.

__________ refers to an experience involving the preconscious level of consciousness,in which a person tries to remember something that is known to be stored in memory,but that the person cannot quite retrieve.

Describe what habituation and dishabituation are and use these concepts to design a study that would allow you to determine whether a comatose patient can hear a relative's voice.

While studying for an exam,Suzanne likes to keep the radio on.She quickly gets used to the music in the background and she scarcely notices it.Suzanne is showing

Alice is a lifeguard at a busy beach.When on duty,she must remain alert to detect the initial appearance of a stimulus (i.e. ,someone having difficulties in the water),despite prolonged periods during which the stimulus is absent.Alice's job requires great

Describe the difference between selective attention and vigilance.

When a person fails to detect changes that occur for attended or unattended objects in a viewed scene,this is called

Which of the following is not a primary function of attention?

Information that is available for cognitive processing but that currently lies outside of conscious awareness exists at the __________ level of awareness.

The __________ refers to the psychological difficulty in selective attention that occurs when a literate person attempts to name the colors of ink which are printed color words that label contrasting colors (e.g. ,"blue" may be printed in red ink).

According to signal-detection theory,__________ refer to one of the possible outcomes,in which we incorrectly identify the presence of a signal that is actually absent.

This model of selective attention suggests that 1)some higher level processing of the information occurs prior to informational filter,and 2)the strength of the unattended stimuli is weaker than that for the attended stimuli.

Explain the differences between selective attention,divided attention,and change blindness.Explain how these three concepts are important and under what circumstances.Provide circumstances for each in which they can be considered positive and then examples when they would be negative.