Question 1

According to Grice (1967),the maxim of __________ refers to the expectation that a person's contribution to a conversation be relevant to the aims of the conversation.

Accepted Answer

A) quantity 
B) quality 
C) relation 
D) manner 
A) quantity 
B) quality 
C) relation 
D) manner C

Question 2

This "error" can occur at a number of different hierarchical levels of linguistic processing including the acoustical and semantic levels.This type of error would be called a

Accepted Answer

A) conceptual generation error. 
B) hypermnesia. 
C) linguistic output error. 
D) slip of the tongue. 
A) conceptual generation error. 
B) hypermnesia. 
C) linguistic output error. 
D) slip of the tongue. D

Question 3

Explain the single-system and dual-system hypotheses for bilingualism.

Accepted Answer

The single-system and dual-system hypotheses are two competing theories that attempt to explain how bilingual individuals process and produce language.

The single-system hypothesis posits that bilinguals have a single language system that is shared between their two languages. According to this theory, both languages are stored and processed in the same mental lexicon, and there is no strict separation between the two languages. Proponents of the single-system hypothesis argue that bilinguals access and use their languages in a similar way to monolinguals, and that the two languages are interconnected and influence each other during language processing.

On the other hand, the dual-system hypothesis suggests that bilinguals have two separate and distinct language systems, with each language being stored and processed independently. This theory proposes that bilinguals have separate mental lexicons for each language, and that the two languages are processed and produced using different cognitive mechanisms. Proponents of the dual-system hypothesis argue that bilinguals have the ability to switch between their languages, and that the two languages are kept separate in the mind to avoid interference and confusion.

Both hypotheses have received support from various research studies, and the debate between the two theories is ongoing. Some researchers argue that the single-system and dual-system hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, and that bilingual language processing may involve a combination of both systems depending on the context and the individual's language proficiency. Overall, the single-system and dual-system hypotheses provide valuable frameworks for understanding the complex nature of bilingual language processing.

Question 4

According to Deborah Tannen (1990),men see the world as a hierarchical social order in which the purpose of communication does not include

Accepted Answer

A) negotiation for the upper hand. 
B) preservation of independence. 
C) avoidance of failure. 
D) communication of strong positive emotions. 
A) negotiation for the upper hand. 
B) preservation of independence. 
C) avoidance of failure. 
D) communication of strong positive emotions.

Question 5

This concept states that language provides a cognitive system that influences the way one thinks about the world,and that users of different languages and cognitive systems,therefore,think about the world differently.

Accepted Answer

A) linguistic relativity 
B) linguistic universals 
C) dual-system hypothesis 
D) single-system hypothesis 
A) linguistic relativity 
B) linguistic universals 
C) dual-system hypothesis 
D) single-system hypothesis

Question 6

While writing an essay about his summer vacation,Stan notices that he has written that he "enjoyed many days in the son" when he intended to write that he had "enjoyed many days in the sun." This error is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A) reversal. 
B) malapropism. 
C) spoonerism. 
D) preservation. 
A) reversal. 
B) malapropism. 
C) spoonerism. 
D) preservation.

Question 7

Explain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, also known a

Question 8

Using the metaphor "She's on fire!," this approach would emphasize the similarity between the elements in the metaphor (her behavior and the properties of a fire).

Accepted Answer

A) Anomaly view 
B) Domain-Interaction view 
C) Nonliteral form of class-inclusion statement 
D) Traditional Comparison view 
A) Anomaly view 
B) Domain-Interaction view 
C) Nonliteral form of class-inclusion statement 
D) Traditional Comparison view

Question 9

ERP (Event-related potential)studies have revealed several distinguishable brain processes related to written sentence comprehension.In particular,the N400 has been associated with _______ while the P600 has been associated with _______.

Accepted Answer

A) syntactic processing;phoneme processing 
B) symbolic processing;semantic processing 
C) feature processing;symbolic processing 
D) semantic processing;syntactic processing 
A) syntactic processing;phoneme processing 
B) symbolic processing;semantic processing 
C) feature processing;symbolic processing 
D) semantic processing;syntactic processing

Question 10

What are the different kinds of speech acts?

Accepted Answer

Speech acts are a key concept in the stu

Question 11

__________ refers to a statement regarding the speaker's psychological state.

Accepted Answer

A) Representative 
B) Directive 
C) Expressive 
D) Performative 
A) Representative 
B) Directive 
C) Expressive 
D) Performative

Question 12

__________ bilingualism refers to learning a second language in a way that elements of the second language replace elements of the first language.

Accepted Answer

A) Balanced 
B) Unbalanced 
C) Additive 
D) Subtractive 
A) Balanced 
B) Unbalanced 
C) Additive 
D) Subtractive

Question 13

Using the metaphor "She's on fire!," this approach would emphasize the dissimilarity between the elements in a metaphor.

Accepted Answer

A) Anomaly view 
B) Domain-Interaction view 
C) Nonliteral form of class-inclusion statement 
D) Traditional Comparison view 
A) Anomaly view 
B) Domain-Interaction view 
C) Nonliteral form of class-inclusion statement 
D) Traditional Comparison view

Question 14

Compare and contrast the strong and weak versions of linguistic relativity,making an argument in favor of one.

Accepted Answer

The strong version of linguistic relativ

Question 15

A(n)__________ refers to a juxtaposition of two unlike nouns,thereby asserting their similarities,while not disconfirming their dissimilarities.

Accepted Answer

A) metaphor 
B) synectic 
C) semantic comparison 
D) analogical act 
A) metaphor 
B) synectic 
C) semantic comparison 
D) analogical act

Question 16

Research suggests that young men,more than young women,prefer to talk about

Accepted Answer

A) close friends. 
B) fears. 
C) classes. 
D) political views. 
A) close friends. 
B) fears. 
C) classes. 
D) political views.

Question 17

The statement "I do" uttered by a couple in a marriage ceremony is an example of a(n)__________ speech act.

Accepted Answer

A) representative 
B) directive 
C) expressive 
D) declaration 
A) representative 
B) directive 
C) expressive 
D) declaration

Question 18

A business associate said,"I'm glad to beat you," when what he intended to say was "I'm glad to meet you." This description illustrates the psychoanalytic concept of

Accepted Answer

A) semantic confusion. 
B) conversational errors. 
C) Jungian similes. 
D) Freudian slip. 
A) semantic confusion. 
B) conversational errors. 
C) Jungian similes. 
D) Freudian slip.

Question 19

Investigations by Herbert Terrace (1987)involving the chimpanzee,Nim Chimpsky,revealed that after several years of training of a simplified version of ASL (American Sign Language),Nim

Accepted Answer

A) had verbal ability equivalent to that of a teenager. 
B) could only learn a few signs. 
C) could not communicate at all using the sign system. 
D) had virtually no understanding of syntactic structure. 
A) had verbal ability equivalent to that of a teenager. 
B) could only learn a few signs. 
C) could not communicate at all using the sign system. 
D) had virtually no understanding of syntactic structure.

Question 20

In one fMRI study,bilingual persons completed a sentence-generation task in both of their languages.The results showed that in early bilinguals left-inferior-frontal-gyrus activation for both languages was ________ and that in late bilinguals activation was _________.

Accepted Answer

A) overlapping;separate 
B) overlapping;also overlapping 
C) separate;overlapping 
D) separate;also separate 
A) overlapping;separate 
B) overlapping;also overlapping 
C) separate;overlapping 
D) separate;also separate

According to Grice (1967),the maxim of __________ refers to the expectation that a person's contribution to a conversation be relevant to the aims of the conversation.

This "error" can occur at a number of different hierarchical levels of linguistic processing including the acoustical and semantic levels.This type of error would be called a

Explain the single-system and dual-system hypotheses for bilingualism.

According to Deborah Tannen (1990),men see the world as a hierarchical social order in which the purpose of communication does not include

This concept states that language provides a cognitive system that influences the way one thinks about the world,and that users of different languages and cognitive systems,therefore,think about the world differently.

While writing an essay about his summer vacation,Stan notices that he has written that he "enjoyed many days in the son" when he intended to write that he had "enjoyed many days in the sun." This error is an example of a

Explain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

Using the metaphor "She's on fire!," this approach would emphasize the similarity between the elements in the metaphor (her behavior and the properties of a fire).

ERP (Event-related potential)studies have revealed several distinguishable brain processes related to written sentence comprehension.In particular,the N400 has been associated with _ while the P600 has been associated with _.

What are the different kinds of speech acts?

__________ refers to a statement regarding the speaker's psychological state.

__________ bilingualism refers to learning a second language in a way that elements of the second language replace elements of the first language.

Using the metaphor "She's on fire!," this approach would emphasize the dissimilarity between the elements in a metaphor.

Compare and contrast the strong and weak versions of linguistic relativity,making an argument in favor of one.

A(n)__________ refers to a juxtaposition of two unlike nouns,thereby asserting their similarities,while not disconfirming their dissimilarities.

Research suggests that young men,more than young women,prefer to talk about

The statement "I do" uttered by a couple in a marriage ceremony is an example of a(n)__________ speech act.

A business associate said,"I'm glad to beat you," when what he intended to say was "I'm glad to meet you." This description illustrates the psychoanalytic concept of

Investigations by Herbert Terrace (1987)involving the chimpanzee,Nim Chimpsky,revealed that after several years of training of a simplified version of ASL (American Sign Language),Nim

In one fMRI study,bilingual persons completed a sentence-generation task in both of their languages.The results showed that in early bilinguals left-inferior-frontal-gyrus activation for both languages was and that in late bilinguals activation was _.

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention and Consciousness

Memory: Models and Research Methods

Memory Processes

The Landscape of Memory: Mental Images, maps, and Propositions

The Organization of Knowledge in the Mind

Language

Problem Solving and Creativity

Decision Making and Reasoning

Filters

Exam 10: Language in Context

According to Grice (1967),the maxim of __________ refers to the expectation that a person's contribution to a conversation be relevant to the aims of the conversation.

This "error" can occur at a number of different hierarchical levels of linguistic processing including the acoustical and semantic levels.This type of error would be called a

Explain the single-system and dual-system hypotheses for bilingualism.

According to Deborah Tannen (1990),men see the world as a hierarchical social order in which the purpose of communication does not include

This concept states that language provides a cognitive system that influences the way one thinks about the world,and that users of different languages and cognitive systems,therefore,think about the world differently.

While writing an essay about his summer vacation,Stan notices that he has written that he "enjoyed many days in the son" when he intended to write that he had "enjoyed many days in the sun." This error is an example of a

Explain the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

Using the metaphor "She's on fire!," this approach would emphasize the similarity between the elements in the metaphor (her behavior and the properties of a fire).

ERP (Event-related potential)studies have revealed several distinguishable brain processes related to written sentence comprehension.In particular,the N400 has been associated with _______ while the P600 has been associated with _______.

What are the different kinds of speech acts?

__________ refers to a statement regarding the speaker's psychological state.

__________ bilingualism refers to learning a second language in a way that elements of the second language replace elements of the first language.

Using the metaphor "She's on fire!," this approach would emphasize the dissimilarity between the elements in a metaphor.

Compare and contrast the strong and weak versions of linguistic relativity,making an argument in favor of one.

A(n)__________ refers to a juxtaposition of two unlike nouns,thereby asserting their similarities,while not disconfirming their dissimilarities.

Research suggests that young men,more than young women,prefer to talk about

The statement "I do" uttered by a couple in a marriage ceremony is an example of a(n)__________ speech act.

A business associate said,"I'm glad to beat you," when what he intended to say was "I'm glad to meet you." This description illustrates the psychoanalytic concept of

Investigations by Herbert Terrace (1987)involving the chimpanzee,Nim Chimpsky,revealed that after several years of training of a simplified version of ASL (American Sign Language),Nim

In one fMRI study,bilingual persons completed a sentence-generation task in both of their languages.The results showed that in early bilinguals left-inferior-frontal-gyrus activation for both languages was ________ and that in late bilinguals activation was _________.

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention and Consciousness

Memory: Models and Research Methods

Memory Processes

The Landscape of Memory: Mental Images, maps, and Propositions

The Organization of Knowledge in the Mind

Language

Problem Solving and Creativity

Decision Making and Reasoning

Filters

ERP (Event-related potential)studies have revealed several distinguishable brain processes related to written sentence comprehension.In particular,the N400 has been associated with _ while the P600 has been associated with _.

In one fMRI study,bilingual persons completed a sentence-generation task in both of their languages.The results showed that in early bilinguals left-inferior-frontal-gyrus activation for both languages was and that in late bilinguals activation was _.