Exam 11: Problem Solving and Creativity

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Negative transfer and positive transfer are two concepts in the field of learning and memory that refer to the ways in which prior learning experiences can either hinder or facilitate the learning of new information or skills.

Negative transfer occurs when prior learning interferes with the acquisition of new knowledge or skills. This can happen when there are similarities between the old and new tasks, but the correct response or approach is different. For example, if a person has learned to play tennis and then tries to learn badminton, the techniques and movements from tennis may interfere with the correct techniques for badminton, leading to negative transfer.

On the other hand, positive transfer occurs when prior learning facilitates the acquisition of new knowledge or skills. This can happen when there are similarities between the old and new tasks, and the correct response or approach is the same or similar. For example, if a person has learned to play the piano and then tries to learn the guitar, the knowledge of music theory and understanding of rhythm may facilitate the learning of the new instrument, leading to positive transfer.

In summary, negative transfer hinders learning by causing interference from prior learning experiences, while positive transfer facilitates learning by leveraging similarities between prior and new learning experiences. Understanding these concepts can help educators and learners optimize the transfer of knowledge and skills in educational settings.