Question 1

Words at the __________ of a list in a free-recall task are most subject to proactive interference.

Accepted Answer

A) beginning 
B) middle 
C) end 
D) beginning and end 
A) beginning 
B) middle 
C) end 
D) beginning and end C

Question 2

An individual can reflect on and use his/her awareness or knowledge to influence thinking.This use of your knowledge about cognitive processes is called

Accepted Answer

A) metacognition. 
B) reflex activation. 
C) persistence. 
D) distributed learning. 
A) metacognition. 
B) reflex activation. 
C) persistence. 
D) distributed learning. A

Question 3

What if people never made source monitoring errors.What implications would this have for how memory works?

Accepted Answer

If people never made source monitoring errors, it would have significant implications for how memory works. Source monitoring errors occur when individuals incorrectly attribute the source of a memory, such as mistaking a dream for a real event or attributing a thought to someone else. These errors are a natural part of human memory processes and are influenced by a variety of factors, including the similarity of the sources, the emotional significance of the event, and individual differences in cognitive abilities.

If source monitoring errors did not occur, it would suggest that our memory processes are much more accurate and reliable than they currently are. It would imply that our ability to accurately encode, store, and retrieve information about the source of our memories is flawless. This would have implications for our understanding of memory as a whole, suggesting that our memory systems are more precise and infallible than previously thought.

Additionally, the absence of source monitoring errors would also impact our understanding of cognitive processes such as perception, attention, and decision-making. It would suggest that our ability to accurately perceive and attend to the details of our experiences, as well as make accurate judgments about the source of our memories, is much more advanced than current research indicates.

Overall, the absence of source monitoring errors would challenge our current understanding of memory and cognition, suggesting that our memory processes are more accurate and reliable than we currently believe. It would also have implications for how we approach memory research and the development of memory-related technologies and interventions.

Question 4

The serial-position curve represents the probability of recall of

Accepted Answer

A) a given word,given its semantic relationship to other words in a list. 
B) groups of words,given their relative order of presentation in a list. 
C) a given word,given its order of presentation in a list. 
D) groups of words,given their semantic relationship. 
A) a given word,given its semantic relationship to other words in a list. 
B) groups of words,given their relative order of presentation in a list. 
C) a given word,given its order of presentation in a list. 
D) groups of words,given their semantic relationship.

Question 5

In memory studies,the retention interval refers to the time

Accepted Answer

A) the participant needs to encode sensory input into the short-term store. 
B) the participant needs to retain new information in the long-term store. 
C) between the presentation of the last stimulus and the start of the recall phase of the experimental trial. 
D) between the presentation of the first and last stimuli within a trial. 
A) the participant needs to encode sensory input into the short-term store. 
B) the participant needs to retain new information in the long-term store. 
C) between the presentation of the last stimulus and the start of the recall phase of the experimental trial. 
D) between the presentation of the first and last stimuli within a trial.

Question 6

Words at the __________ of a list in a free-recall task are subject to both proactive and retroactive interference.

Accepted Answer

A) beginning 
B) middle 
C) end 
D) beginning and end 
A) beginning 
B) middle 
C) end 
D) beginning and end

Question 7

Tying a string around your finger,keeping a list of things to do,and asking someone to remind you of something are all examples of strategies to improve

Accepted Answer

A) prospective memory. 
B) introspective memory. 
C) retrospective memory. 
D) retroactive memory. 
A) prospective memory. 
B) introspective memory. 
C) retrospective memory. 
D) retroactive memory.

Question 8

Frank is organizing his grocery list into a set of categories in order to remember what he needs to buy at the store.Frank is using what type of memory technique?

Accepted Answer

A) acrostics 
B) keyword system 
C) pegword system 
D) categorical clustering 
A) acrostics 
B) keyword system 
C) pegword system 
D) categorical clustering

Question 9

When the perpetrator (person who committed a crime)is not present in a line-up,eyewitnesses tend to

Accepted Answer

A) pick an individual who looks most like the perpetrator. 
B) not pick anyone from the line-up. 
C) pick the least attractive individual in the line-up. 
D) pick an individual from the line-up at random. 
A) pick an individual who looks most like the perpetrator. 
B) not pick anyone from the line-up. 
C) pick the least attractive individual in the line-up. 
D) pick an individual from the line-up at random.

Question 10

After being given directions to get to the theater,Kurt can remember only the first part of where to turn.This illustrates the __________ effect.

Accepted Answer

A) primacy 
B) recency 
C) initial 
D) availability 
A) primacy 
B) recency 
C) initial 
D) availability

Question 11

Studies show that memory is not just __________,such that we use only what we have encountered to help us rebuild original remembered experience;it is also __________,in that our schemas for prior experience affect how we recall things.

Accepted Answer

A) retroactive;proactive 
B) proactive;retroactive 
C) constructive;reconstructive 
D) reconstructive;constructive 
A) retroactive;proactive 
B) proactive;retroactive 
C) constructive;reconstructive 
D) reconstructive;constructive

Question 12

On his way to the supermarket,Marcelo remembers that he needs tomatoes and cucumbers.He then remembers that he also needs cheese,eggs,and milk.The order in which he remembered the grocery items illustrates that information stored in long-term memory seems to be primarily encoded

Accepted Answer

A) visually. 
B) acoustically. 
C) semantically. 
D) according to the personal relevance of the information. 
A) visually. 
B) acoustically. 
C) semantically. 
D) according to the personal relevance of the information.

Question 13

Tony keeps mentally reliving the time that he was hit in the head with a Frisbee.This reoccurrence of this memory is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) transience. 
B) misattribution. 
C) persistence. 
D) bias. 
A) transience. 
B) misattribution. 
C) persistence. 
D) bias.

Question 14

__________ interference occurs when the interfering material occurs before,rather than after,learning of the to-be-remembered material.

Accepted Answer

A) Retroactive 
B) Proactive 
C) Decay 
D) Reconstructive 
A) Retroactive 
B) Proactive 
C) Decay 
D) Reconstructive

Question 15

People tend to learn better when they acquire knowledge via __________ learning.

Accepted Answer

A) paced 
B) motivated 
C) mass 
D) distributed 
A) paced 
B) motivated 
C) mass 
D) distributed

Question 16

__________ memory refers to a memory of an event that is so emotionally powerful that the person remembers the event as vividly as if it were indelibly preserved on film.

Accepted Answer

A) Traumatic 
B) Photographic 
C) Flashbulb 
D) Iconic 
A) Traumatic 
B) Photographic 
C) Flashbulb 
D) Iconic

Question 17

Marianne took a chemistry course three years ago in high school and has not studied any chemistry since.She believes that the reason why she barely remembers any chemistry is because she has not used it.This explanation illustrates the __________ theory of forgetting.

Accepted Answer

A) interference 
B) availability 
C) interactive 
D) decay 
A) interference 
B) availability 
C) interactive 
D) decay

Question 18

This occurs when a person has a difficult time in remembering the context in which they heard the information and erroneously attribute it to a different context.

Accepted Answer

A) source-monitoring error 
B) accessibility 
C) encoding specificity 
D) context dependent memory 
A) source-monitoring error 
B) accessibility 
C) encoding specificity 
D) context dependent memory

Question 19

__________ practice refers to learning in which sessions are crammed together all at once.

Accepted Answer

A) Bulk 
B) Distributed 
C) Massed 
D) Motivated 
A) Bulk 
B) Distributed 
C) Massed 
D) Motivated

Question 20

What are the advantages of distributed practice over massed learning? What are the disadvantages? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Distributed practice, also known as spac

Words at the __________ of a list in a free-recall task are most subject to proactive interference.

An individual can reflect on and use his/her awareness or knowledge to influence thinking.This use of your knowledge about cognitive processes is called

What if people never made source monitoring errors.What implications would this have for how memory works?

The serial-position curve represents the probability of recall of

In memory studies,the retention interval refers to the time

Words at the __________ of a list in a free-recall task are subject to both proactive and retroactive interference.

Tying a string around your finger,keeping a list of things to do,and asking someone to remind you of something are all examples of strategies to improve

Frank is organizing his grocery list into a set of categories in order to remember what he needs to buy at the store.Frank is using what type of memory technique?

When the perpetrator (person who committed a crime)is not present in a line-up,eyewitnesses tend to

After being given directions to get to the theater,Kurt can remember only the first part of where to turn.This illustrates the __________ effect.

Studies show that memory is not just ,such that we use only what we have encountered to help us rebuild original remembered experience;it is also ,in that our schemas for prior experience affect how we recall things.

On his way to the supermarket,Marcelo remembers that he needs tomatoes and cucumbers.He then remembers that he also needs cheese,eggs,and milk.The order in which he remembered the grocery items illustrates that information stored in long-term memory seems to be primarily encoded

Tony keeps mentally reliving the time that he was hit in the head with a Frisbee.This reoccurrence of this memory is an example of

__________ interference occurs when the interfering material occurs before,rather than after,learning of the to-be-remembered material.

People tend to learn better when they acquire knowledge via __________ learning.

__________ memory refers to a memory of an event that is so emotionally powerful that the person remembers the event as vividly as if it were indelibly preserved on film.

Marianne took a chemistry course three years ago in high school and has not studied any chemistry since.She believes that the reason why she barely remembers any chemistry is because she has not used it.This explanation illustrates the __________ theory of forgetting.

This occurs when a person has a difficult time in remembering the context in which they heard the information and erroneously attribute it to a different context.

__________ practice refers to learning in which sessions are crammed together all at once.

What are the advantages of distributed practice over massed learning? What are the disadvantages? Explain.

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention and Consciousness

Memory: Models and Research Methods

The Landscape of Memory: Mental Images, maps, and Propositions

The Organization of Knowledge in the Mind

Language

Language in Context

Problem Solving and Creativity

Decision Making and Reasoning

Filters

Exam 6: Memory Processes

Words at the __________ of a list in a free-recall task are most subject to proactive interference.

An individual can reflect on and use his/her awareness or knowledge to influence thinking.This use of your knowledge about cognitive processes is called

What if people never made source monitoring errors.What implications would this have for how memory works?

The serial-position curve represents the probability of recall of

In memory studies,the retention interval refers to the time

Words at the __________ of a list in a free-recall task are subject to both proactive and retroactive interference.

Tying a string around your finger,keeping a list of things to do,and asking someone to remind you of something are all examples of strategies to improve

Frank is organizing his grocery list into a set of categories in order to remember what he needs to buy at the store.Frank is using what type of memory technique?

When the perpetrator (person who committed a crime)is not present in a line-up,eyewitnesses tend to

After being given directions to get to the theater,Kurt can remember only the first part of where to turn.This illustrates the __________ effect.

Studies show that memory is not just __________,such that we use only what we have encountered to help us rebuild original remembered experience;it is also __________,in that our schemas for prior experience affect how we recall things.

On his way to the supermarket,Marcelo remembers that he needs tomatoes and cucumbers.He then remembers that he also needs cheese,eggs,and milk.The order in which he remembered the grocery items illustrates that information stored in long-term memory seems to be primarily encoded

Tony keeps mentally reliving the time that he was hit in the head with a Frisbee.This reoccurrence of this memory is an example of

__________ interference occurs when the interfering material occurs before,rather than after,learning of the to-be-remembered material.

People tend to learn better when they acquire knowledge via __________ learning.

__________ memory refers to a memory of an event that is so emotionally powerful that the person remembers the event as vividly as if it were indelibly preserved on film.

Marianne took a chemistry course three years ago in high school and has not studied any chemistry since.She believes that the reason why she barely remembers any chemistry is because she has not used it.This explanation illustrates the __________ theory of forgetting.

This occurs when a person has a difficult time in remembering the context in which they heard the information and erroneously attribute it to a different context.

__________ practice refers to learning in which sessions are crammed together all at once.

What are the advantages of distributed practice over massed learning? What are the disadvantages? Explain.

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention and Consciousness

Memory: Models and Research Methods

The Landscape of Memory: Mental Images, maps, and Propositions

The Organization of Knowledge in the Mind

Language

Language in Context

Problem Solving and Creativity

Decision Making and Reasoning

Filters

Studies show that memory is not just ,such that we use only what we have encountered to help us rebuild original remembered experience;it is also ,in that our schemas for prior experience affect how we recall things.