Exam 8: The Organization of Knowledge in the Mind

__________ knowledge refers to information regarding how to execute a sequence of operations (sometimes described as "knowing how").

The term wife is comprised of a number of components,namely adult,female,and married.These are called _____ according to the componential theory of meaning.

Neurological findings and other cognitive research seem to indicate that human cognition primarily involves __________,in which multiple information processes are executed simultaneously.

In early artificial intelligence research,investigators believed that the ideal was to write programs that were

This view for categorizing concepts is that we have several typical examples of the category that can be used for comparison purposes when trying to categorize a new item.

This particular type of category,unlike other types of categories,is flexible and can change over time.

The connections between nodes are __________ relationships,which might involve category membership,attributes,or some other semantic relation.

This mental framework provides a meaningful structure for concepts that are related,and provides general facts about the concept that allows one to make inferences based on prior experiences.

__________ refer to several alternative typical representatives of a semantic category.

When talking about concepts and categories,items such as turtles,alligators,trees,and grass are examples of _____.

Compare Newell and Simon's (1972)production system and production rules with schema theory.Specify some differences as well as similarities.

Your knowledge about cognitive psychology,about world history,about your own personal history,and about mathematics all rely on your mental representation of what cognitive psychologists call __________ knowledge.

Categorizing concepts,according to this view,is based on one's own ideas or implicit theories regarding that particular concept.In other words,your own experiences are helpful in constructing an explanation for that concept and deciding between which features are essential and which are incidental.

A(n)__________ refers to a condition-action ("if-then")sequence,to generation output of a procedure.

An "is a" category membership relation,which connects "pig" to "mammal," establishes meaningful connections between

Explain classical and fuzzy concepts.

According to Anderson (1980),while we are in the __________ stage for learning how to drive a standard-shift car,we must explicitly think about each rule for stepping on the clutch,gas,or brake pedal,while also trying to shift gears.

Describe the various components of a production system and how it works (an example other than the one in the book would be helpful).

Most non-declarative knowledge can be retrieved for use __________ declarative knowledge can be retrieved.

A child passes a person on the street that has a short hairstyle.Although this hairstyle is more typical for males,most children understand that the person could be a female.This understanding,that sometimes the underlying reality cannot be directly observed,is referred to as