Exam 6: Deviance and Crime

__________ seeks to reduce criminal activity by instilling a fear of punishment in the general public.

Define punishment, state the four functions of punishment, and explain the restorative justice perspective.

During the mid-1970s, advocates of __________ theory predicted that women's crime rates would increase significantly as a result of the women's liberation movement.

When a label of deviance is based on a person's intentional or inadvertent actions it is considered __________.

__________ refers to a violation of law or the commission of a status offense (such as cutting school or running away from home) by young people.

According to Merton's __________ theory, people feel tension when they are exposed to cultural goals that they are unable to obtain because they do not have access to culturally approved means of achieving those goals.

Explain Merton's strain theory and compare it with Cloward and Ohlin's opportunity theory.

A socioeconomically disadvantaged teenager decides that she must resort to crime in order to buy some clothes she wants. This teenager's behavior is an example of __________.

The sociological term for a spoiled or devalued social identity is __________.

A branch of the conflict perspective, Marxist/critical theory views deviance and crime as a result of __________.

Violent crime accounts for less than 5 percent of arrests in the United States.

From a sociological perspective, definitions of deviance originate_______________.

Cloward and Ohlin identified three basic gang types based on the type of illegitimate opportunity structure available in a specific area. The __________ is devoted to theft, extortion, and other illegal means of securing an income.

Define criminal justice system and describe how the police and courts have considerable discretion in dealing with offenders.

According to Merton's strain theory, __________ occurs when people accept society's goals but adopt disapproved means for achieving them.

Organized crime is generally not associated with __________.

The __________ is compiled by the FBI and is the major source of information on crimes reported in the United States.

__________ argue that the lifestyles considered deviant by political and economic elites are most likely to be defined as illegal.

A __________ is a minor crime that is typically punishable by less than one year in jail.

Juveniles are subject to the same legal process and types of punishment as adults, only in a different system.