Question 1

The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is:

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon. 
B)  hydrogen. 
C)  oxygen. 
D)  nitrogen. 
A)  carbon. 
B)  hydrogen. 
C)  oxygen. 
D)  nitrogen. D

Question 2

Explain the role of buffers in maintaining the proper environment in which the body can function.

Accepted Answer

Buffers play a crucial role in maintaining the proper environment in which the body can function by regulating the pH levels in the body. The pH level of the body needs to be tightly regulated in order for enzymes and other proteins to function properly.

Buffers are able to resist changes in pH by either accepting or donating protons, depending on the situation. This helps to keep the pH within a narrow range, even when acids or bases are added to the body.

In the blood, for example, the bicarbonate buffer system helps to maintain a stable pH by converting carbon dioxide into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. This system helps to prevent the blood from becoming too acidic or too alkaline, which could have detrimental effects on the body's functioning.

Overall, buffers are essential for maintaining the proper environment for the body to function by ensuring that the pH levels remain within a narrow and optimal range. Without buffers, the body would be much more susceptible to fluctuations in pH, which could have serious consequences for overall health and functioning.

Question 3

Match each term to its corresponding descriptive phrase.
-nucleic acid that contains ribose sugar and uracil

Accepted Answer

A) Acid 
B) Base 
C) RNA 
D) DNA 
E) Carbohydrate
F)Fat
G)Steroid
H)Protein
I)Prostaglandins
J)ATP 
A) Acid 
B) Base 
C) RNA 
D) DNA 
E) Carbohydrate
F)Fat
G)Steroid
H)Protein
I)Prostaglandins
J)ATP C

Question 4

An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ than other atoms of the same element.

Accepted Answer

A)  electrons 
B)  protons 
C)  neutrons 
D)  both protons and neutrons 
A)  electrons 
B)  protons 
C)  neutrons 
D)  both protons and neutrons

Question 5

Which type of radiation consists of electromagnetic radiation,a form of light energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alpha 
B)  Beta 
C)  Delta 
D)  Gamma 
A)  Alpha 
B)  Beta 
C)  Delta 
D)  Gamma

Question 6

A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-)than hydrogen ions (H⁺)is a(n)_____ solution.

Accepted Answer

A)  acidic 
B)  alkaline (basic) 
C)  neutral 
D)  Not enough information is given to determine the character of the solution. 
A)  acidic 
B)  alkaline (basic) 
C)  neutral 
D)  Not enough information is given to determine the character of the solution.

Question 7

DNA:

Accepted Answer

A)  is a single strand of nucleotides. 
B)  contains the sugar ribose. 
C)  is a double helix strand of nucleotides. 
D)  transports amino acids during protein synthesis. 
A)  is a single strand of nucleotides. 
B)  contains the sugar ribose. 
C)  is a double helix strand of nucleotides. 
D)  transports amino acids during protein synthesis.

Question 8

Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen 
B)  Zinc 
C)  Carbon 
D)  Potassium 
A)  Oxygen 
B)  Zinc 
C)  Carbon 
D)  Potassium

Question 9

Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen 
B)  Helium 
C)  Oxygen 
D)  Carbon 
A)  Hydrogen 
B)  Helium 
C)  Oxygen 
D)  Carbon

Question 10

If one side of a DNA molecule is A-T-C-G-G-T-C-A-G,what would the bases be on the other side of the molecule? On what do you base your answer?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If one side of a DNA molecule...

Question 11

Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  acids. 
B)  bases. 
C)  buffers. 
D)  salts. 
A)  acids. 
B)  bases. 
C)  buffers. 
D)  salts.

Question 12

Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  sharing of electrons between molecules. 
B)  donation of protons from one atom to another. 
C)  transfer of electrons from one atom to another. 
D)  acceptance of neutrons from one atom to another. 
A)  sharing of electrons between molecules. 
B)  donation of protons from one atom to another. 
C)  transfer of electrons from one atom to another. 
D)  acceptance of neutrons from one atom to another.

Question 13

Name and briefly describe the type of chemical bonds discussed in this chapter.

Accepted Answer

In order to provide a comprehensive answ

Question 14

When your body is building larger and more complex chemical molecules from smaller subunits,what is occurring?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anabolic reactions that expend energy 
B)  Anabolic reactions that require energy 
C)  Catabolic reactions that expend energy 
D)  Catabolic reactions that require energy 
A)  Anabolic reactions that expend energy 
B)  Anabolic reactions that require energy 
C)  Catabolic reactions that expend energy 
D)  Catabolic reactions that require energy

Question 15

Which of the following is not one of the three major ingredients of a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sugar 
B)  Nitrogenous bases 
C)  Phosphate 
D)  Lipid 
A)  Sugar 
B)  Nitrogenous bases 
C)  Phosphate 
D)  Lipid

Question 16

An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains _____ electrons.

Accepted Answer

A)  8 
B)  9 
C)  2 
D)  Both A and C are correct. 
A)  8 
B)  9 
C)  2 
D)  Both A and C are correct.

Question 17

An example of a catabolic process is

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolysis. 
B)  dehydration synthesis. 
C)  formation of a peptide bond. 
D)  both B and C. 
A)  hydrolysis. 
B)  dehydration synthesis. 
C)  formation of a peptide bond. 
D)  both B and C.

Question 18

Salts:

Accepted Answer

A)  can form as the result of a chemical reaction between acids and bases. 
B)  are electrolytes. 
C)  will form crystals if the water is removed. 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  can form as the result of a chemical reaction between acids and bases. 
B)  are electrolytes. 
C)  will form crystals if the water is removed. 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Question 19

Which of the following is not true about oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are both important organic compounds. 
B)  Molecular oxygen is present as O2 in the body. 
C)  Oxygen is needed for energy release in cellular respiration. 
D)  Carbon dioxide is important in maintaining the proper acid-base balance in the body. 
A)  They are both important organic compounds. 
B)  Molecular oxygen is present as O2 in the body. 
C)  Oxygen is needed for energy release in cellular respiration. 
D)  Carbon dioxide is important in maintaining the proper acid-base balance in the body.

Question 20

Hydrolysis _____ a water molecule.

Accepted Answer

A)  joins compounds by removing 
B)  breaks down compounds by removing 
C)  joins compounds by adding 
D)  breaks down compounds by adding 
A)  joins compounds by removing 
B)  breaks down compounds by removing 
C)  joins compounds by adding 
D)  breaks down compounds by adding

Exam 2: B: The Chemical Basis of Life

The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is:

Explain the role of buffers in maintaining the proper environment in which the body can function.

Match each term to its corresponding descriptive phrase. -nucleic acid that contains ribose sugar and uracil

An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ than other atoms of the same element.

Which type of radiation consists of electromagnetic radiation,a form of light energy?

A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-)than hydrogen ions (H⁺)is a(n)_____ solution.

DNA:

Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body?

Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element?

If one side of a DNA molecule is A-T-C-G-G-T-C-A-G,what would the bases be on the other side of the molecule? On what do you base your answer?

Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called:

Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the:

Name and briefly describe the type of chemical bonds discussed in this chapter.

When your body is building larger and more complex chemical molecules from smaller subunits,what is occurring?

Which of the following is not one of the three major ingredients of a DNA molecule?

An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains _____ electrons.

An example of a catabolic process is

Salts:

Which of the following is not true about oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Hydrolysis _____ a water molecule.

A: Organization of the Body

B: Organization of the Body

A: The Chemical Basis of Life

A: Anatomy of Cells

B: Anatomy of Cells

Physiology of Cells

Cell Growth and Reproduction

Tissues

A: Skin and Its Appendages

B: Skin and Its Appendages

A: Skeletal Tissues

B: Skeletal Tissues

Skeletal System

A: Articulations

B: Articulations

A: Anatomy of the Muscular System

B: Anatomy of the Muscular System

A: Physiology of the Muscular System

B: Physiology of the Muscular System

A: Nervous System Cells

B: Nervous System Cells

A: Central Nervous System

B: Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

A: Sense Organs

B: Sense Organs

Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Blood

Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

A: Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

B: Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System

A: Immune System

B: Immune System

Stress

Anatomy of the Respiratory System

A: Physiology of the Respiratory System

B: Physiology of the Respiratory System

A: Anatomy of the Digestive System

B: Anatomy of the Digestive System

A: Physiology of the Digestive System

B: Physiology of the Digestive System

A: Nutrition and Metabolism

B: Nutrition and Metabolism

A: Urinary System

B: Urinary System

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid-Base Balance

Male Reproductive System

A: Female Reproductive System

B: Female Reproductive System

A: Growth and Development

B: Growth and Development

A: Genetics and Heredity

B: Genetics and Heredity

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