Chat with AIExam 18: Endocrine System
How do the actions of prostaglandins differ from the actions of hormones?
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotProstaglandins and hormones are both important chemical messengers in the body, but they differ significantly in their actions, production, and modes of operation.
Prostaglandins are a group of lipid compounds that are derived enzymatically from fatty acids. They are produced at sites of tissue damage or infection, where they cause inflammation, pain, and fever as part of the healing process. Prostaglandins are produced by nearly all nucleated cells in the body and act locally where they are synthesized. They are not stored but are synthesized as needed and immediately released. Their actions are therefore autocrine or paracrine, meaning that they act on the same cells that produce them or on nearby cells, respectively.
In contrast, hormones are chemical messengers that are produced by specific glands in the body, such as the pituitary, thyroid, or adrenal glands. Hormones are released into the bloodstream and transported throughout the body, where they can affect distant organs and tissues. Hormones have a wide range of functions and can regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.
Another key difference is in the specificity of their actions. Prostaglandins have a more localized and immediate effect and tend to have a broad range of actions, often within the same tissue or organ. Hormones, on the other hand, tend to have more specific target tissues and more defined roles.
In summary, while both prostaglandins and hormones are vital to the body's function and response to various stimuli, they differ in their mechanisms of action, range of effect, and the specificity of their roles. Prostaglandins act locally and are involved in the immediate response to injury and inflammation, whereas hormones are produced by specific glands, travel through the bloodstream, and regulate a variety of long-term bodily functions.
The nuclear-receptor model is used in describing the action of steroid hormones.
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VerifiedTrue
Cells make prostaglandins by breaking apart triglyceride molecules.
(31) VerifiedFalse
Match each term with its explanation or definition.
-sometimes called a tissue hormone
(32) Up-regulating and down-regulating hormone receptor proteins on the membrane of a target cell will change its sensitivity to a hormone.
(23) In comparison with the nervous system,the regulatory effects of the endocrine system are:
(34) Match each chemical classification with a corresponding hormone.
-melatonin
(34) Match each term with its explanation or definition.
-usually requires a second messenger to function
(43) Protein hormones that contain lipid molecules can be classified as glycoprotein hormones.
(37) Input from the nervous system influences secretion of some hormones.
(36) Match each term with its explanation or definition.
-uses the mobile receptor model to function
(42) The immediate effect of a steroid hormone on a cell is the:
(42) Compare and contrast steroid and nonsteroid hormones and give an example of each.
(35) One outcome of a nonsteroid hormone would be the synthesis of a specific enzyme.
(38) If the cellular response to a hormone caused an increase in RNA synthesis,the hormone most likely was a steroid hormone.
(36) Autocrine hormones have to travel further to reach their target cell than do paracrine hormones.
(34) Match each chemical classification with a corresponding hormone.
-luteinizing hormone
(25) The anterior pituitary gland can be either stimulated to release hormones or inhibited from releasing hormones by secretions from the hypothalamus.
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