Exam 6: Experimentation and Causal Research

Experimental design is the set of experimental procedures specifying the test units and sampling procedures and all of the following EXCEPT specifying ________.

An experimental design in which there is randomization and the experimental group is exposed to the treatment but the control group is not and no pretest measure is taken is called the posttest-only control group design.

Limitations of experiments include which of the following?

An experiment was conducted to test the effects of coupon value on redemption. Personal interviews were conducted in New York with 280 shoppers who were entering a supermarket. These shoppers were given a coupon for one of four brands prior to entering the store. Two coupon values were used, one offering 15-cents off and the other 50-cents off. Shoppers were randomly assigned to these two coupon-value levels. Four brands - Tide detergent, Kellogg's corn flakes, Aim toothpaste, and Joy liquid dishwashing detergent - were used. These same shoppers were re-interviewed upon leaving the store and asked to report on any coupons used in the store. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Randomization is the preferred method for controlling extraneous variables.

The static group is a two-group experimental design in which one of the groups acts as a control group, the subjects are not assigned randomly, and measurements are made on both groups following the treatment.

The ________ is a two-group experimental design in which one of the groups acts as a control group, the subjects are not assigned randomly, and measurements are made on both groups following the treatment.

A preexperimental design in which a single group of test units is exposed to a treatment X, and then a single measurement on the dependent variable is taken, is called the one-shot case study.

With experimental designs, it is possible to control for some of the extraneous variables.

In the virtual world, it is more complex but much less costly to manipulate the independent variable and control for mediating variables than it is in the real world.

A random sample of respondents would be distributed randomly, half to the experimental group and half to the control group. A pretest questionnaire would be administered to the respondents in both groups to obtain a measurement on attitudes toward Pepsi advertising, brand, and celebrity; only the respondents in the experimental group would be exposed to the TV program containing the Pepsi commercial. Then, a questionnaire would be administered to respondents in both groups to obtain posttest measures on attitudes toward Pepsi advertising, brand, and celebrity. Which of the following experimental designs best represents the above scenario?

An experimental design in which the test units are assigned randomly and the experimental group is exposed to the treatment but the control group is not, and no pretest measure is taken is called the ________.

A field environment is an artificial setting for experimentation in which the researcher constructs the desired conditions.

Variables that measure the effect of the independent variables on the test units are called ________.

Responses given because the respondents attempt to guess the purpose of the experiment and respond accordingly are called ________.

Statistical designs allow for the statistical control and analysis of external variables.

In a short essay, define randomization and list and discuss the two types of true experimental design.

Explain the concept of causality as defined in marketing research and distinguish between the ordinary meaning and the scientific meaning of causality.

________ refers to whether the cause-and-effect relationships found in the experiment remain the same when replicated in a larger population.

In an after-the-fact examination of a situation, we can confidently rule out all other causal factors.