Question 1

In a short essay, list and discuss at least three statistics associated with cross-tabulation.

Accepted Answer

a. Chi-square - this statistic is used to test the statistical significance of the observed association in a cross-tabulation. It assists a researcher in determining whether a systematic association exists between the two variables.
b. Phi coefficient - this is used as a measure of the strength of association in the special case of a table with two rows and two columns. The phi coefficient is proportional to the square root of the chi-square statistic.
c. Contingency coefficient - while the phi coefficient is specific to a 2 × 2 table, the contingency coefficient can be used to assess the strength of association in a table of any size. This index is also related to chi-square.
d. Cramer's V - this is a modified version of the phi correlation coefficient and is used in tables larger than 2 × 2. When phi is calculated for a table larger than 2 × 2, it has no upper limit.

Question 2

A measure of how close the sample has come to the null hypothesis is called the test statistic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Standard deviation is the square root of the variance and is expressed in the same units as the data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Type II error occurs when the sample results lead to nonrejection of a null hypothesis that is in fact false.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The power of a test is the probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is in fact true and should be accepted.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A statement that some difference or effect is expected is called a null hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In commercial marketing research, the one-tailed test is used more often than a two-tailed test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Data collected in social media often lend themselves to basic analysis involving frequencies, percentages and cross-tabulations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The null hypothesis refers to a specified value of the population parameter, not a sample
statistic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is used to estimate the average when the data have been collected using an interval or ratio scale?

Accepted Answer

A) mode 
B) median 
C) mean 
D) maxima 
E) trend 
A) mode 
B) median 
C) mean 
D) maxima 
E) trend

Question 11

An alternative hypothesis is a statement of the status quo, one of no difference or no effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A frequency distribution ________.

Accepted Answer

A) helps identify the presence of outliers 
B) indicates the shape of the empirical distribution of the variable 
C) contains the same information as the margins of a contingency table 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) helps identify the presence of outliers 
B) indicates the shape of the empirical distribution of the variable 
C) contains the same information as the margins of a contingency table 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 13

If the distribution is asymmetric and the variable is measured on a nominal scale, the ________ should be used as a measure of location.

Accepted Answer

A) mean 
B) mode 
C) median 
D) maxima 
E) trend 
A) mean 
B) mode 
C) median 
D) maxima 
E) trend

Question 14

The ________ is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false and should be rejected.

Accepted Answer

A) level of significance 
B) z-test 
C) test statistic 
D) power of a test 
E) incidence of difference 
A) level of significance 
B) z-test 
C) test statistic 
D) power of a test 
E) incidence of difference

Question 15

According to the text, which of the following represents the highest peak of the distribution?

Accepted Answer

A) mode 
B) mean 
C) median 
D) maxima 
E) crest 
A) mode 
B) mean 
C) median 
D) maxima 
E) crest

Question 16

A measure of central tendency given as the value above which half of the values fall and below which half of the values fall is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) mean 
B) mode 
C) median 
D) maxima 
E) binary inflection 
A) mean 
B) mode 
C) median 
D) maxima 
E) binary inflection

Question 17

A test of the null hypothesis where the alternative hypothesis is not expressed directionally is called a one-tailed test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The ________ should be used as a measure of location if the distribution is asymmetric and the variable is measured on an ordinal scale.

Accepted Answer

A) mean 
B) mode 
C) median 
D) maxima 
E) ranking order 
A) mean 
B) mode 
C) median 
D) maxima 
E) ranking order

Question 19

The difference between the smallest and largest values of a distribution is called the variance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

________ occurs when the sample results lead to the rejection of a null hypothesis that is in fact true.

Accepted Answer

A) Type I error 
B) Type II error 
C) Type III error 
D) Type IV error 
E) Power of a test 
A) Type I error 
B) Type II error 
C) Type III error 
D) Type IV error 
E) Power of a test

In a short essay, list and discuss at least three statistics associated with cross-tabulation.

A measure of how close the sample has come to the null hypothesis is called the test statistic.

Standard deviation is the square root of the variance and is expressed in the same units as the data.

Type II error occurs when the sample results lead to nonrejection of a null hypothesis that is in fact false.

The power of a test is the probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is in fact true and should be accepted.

A statement that some difference or effect is expected is called a null hypothesis.

In commercial marketing research, the one-tailed test is used more often than a two-tailed test.

Data collected in social media often lend themselves to basic analysis involving frequencies, percentages and cross-tabulations.

The null hypothesis refers to a specified value of the population parameter, not a sample statistic.

Which of the following is used to estimate the average when the data have been collected using an interval or ratio scale?

An alternative hypothesis is a statement of the status quo, one of no difference or no effect.

A frequency distribution ________.

If the distribution is asymmetric and the variable is measured on a nominal scale, the ________ should be used as a measure of location.

The ________ is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false and should be rejected.

According to the text, which of the following represents the highest peak of the distribution?

A measure of central tendency given as the value above which half of the values fall and below which half of the values fall is called the ________.

A test of the null hypothesis where the alternative hypothesis is not expressed directionally is called a one-tailed test.

The ________ should be used as a measure of location if the distribution is asymmetric and the variable is measured on an ordinal scale.

The difference between the smallest and largest values of a distribution is called the variance.

________ occurs when the sample results lead to the rejection of a null hypothesis that is in fact true.

Introduction to Marketing Research

Defining the Marketing Research Problem and Developing an Approach

Research Design, Secondary and Syndicated Data

Qualitative Research

Survey and Observation

Experimentation and Causal Research

Measurement and Scaling

Questionnaire and Form Design

Sampling: Design and Procedures

Data Collection and Preparation

Data Analysis: Hypothesis Testing Related to Differences, Correlation, and Regression

Report Preparation and Presentation

Filters

Exam 11: Data Analysis: Frequency Distribution, Hypothesis Testing, and Cross-Tabulation

In a short essay, list and discuss at least three statistics associated with cross-tabulation.

A measure of how close the sample has come to the null hypothesis is called the test statistic.

Standard deviation is the square root of the variance and is expressed in the same units as the data.

Type II error occurs when the sample results lead to nonrejection of a null hypothesis that is in fact false.

The power of a test is the probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is in fact true and should be accepted.

A statement that some difference or effect is expected is called a null hypothesis.

In commercial marketing research, the one-tailed test is used more often than a two-tailed test.

Data collected in social media often lend themselves to basic analysis involving frequencies, percentages and cross-tabulations.

The null hypothesis refers to a specified value of the population parameter, not a sample statistic.

Which of the following is used to estimate the average when the data have been collected using an interval or ratio scale?

An alternative hypothesis is a statement of the status quo, one of no difference or no effect.

A frequency distribution ________.

If the distribution is asymmetric and the variable is measured on a nominal scale, the ________ should be used as a measure of location.

The ________ is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false and should be rejected.

According to the text, which of the following represents the highest peak of the distribution?

A measure of central tendency given as the value above which half of the values fall and below which half of the values fall is called the ________.

A test of the null hypothesis where the alternative hypothesis is not expressed directionally is called a one-tailed test.

The ________ should be used as a measure of location if the distribution is asymmetric and the variable is measured on an ordinal scale.

The difference between the smallest and largest values of a distribution is called the variance.

________ occurs when the sample results lead to the rejection of a null hypothesis that is in fact true.

Introduction to Marketing Research

Defining the Marketing Research Problem and Developing an Approach

Research Design, Secondary and Syndicated Data

Qualitative Research

Survey and Observation

Experimentation and Causal Research

Measurement and Scaling

Questionnaire and Form Design

Sampling: Design and Procedures

Data Collection and Preparation

Data Analysis: Hypothesis Testing Related to Differences, Correlation, and Regression

Report Preparation and Presentation

Filters