Question 1

How is vitamin D (vitamin D₃)related to calcium homeostasis in bone?

Accepted Answer

A) Vitamin D provides a framework for calcium in the matrix. 
B) Vitamin D is regulated by osteoclast activity. 
C) Vitamin D is produced by osteoblasts during endochondral ossification. 
D) Vitamin D is involved in calcium absorption by the digestive tract. 
E) Vitamin D replaces calcium in the skeleton. 
A) Vitamin D provides a framework for calcium in the matrix. 
B) Vitamin D is regulated by osteoclast activity. 
C) Vitamin D is produced by osteoblasts during endochondral ossification. 
D) Vitamin D is involved in calcium absorption by the digestive tract. 
E) Vitamin D replaces calcium in the skeleton.

Question 2

Cells that are found in small depressions on the endosteal surfaces are the

Accepted Answer

A) osteolytic cells. 
B) osteoclasts 
C) osteoblasts. 
D) osteocytes. 
E) osteogenic cells. 
A) osteolytic cells. 
B) osteoclasts 
C) osteoblasts. 
D) osteocytes. 
E) osteogenic cells.

Question 3

________ prevents damaging bone-to-bone contact within movable joints.

Accepted Answer

A) A synovial membrane 
B) Elastic cartilage 
C) A serous membrane 
D) Articular cartilage 
E) Serous fluid 
A) A synovial membrane 
B) Elastic cartilage 
C) A serous membrane 
D) Articular cartilage 
E) Serous fluid

Question 4

While on a school skiing trip in Colorado,Heidi falls and breaks her tibia and fibula in a Pott's fracture.What would you expect as a prominent part of her clinical assessment several hours after the fall?

Accepted Answer

A) hypertension 
B) tachycardia 
C) erythema 
D) hematoma 
E) cyanosis 
A) hypertension 
B) tachycardia 
C) erythema 
D) hematoma 
E) cyanosis

Question 5

What is osteopenia? Name and define two forms of osteopenia.

Accepted Answer

Osteopenia is a general term for reduced

Question 6

Which of the following is a characteristic of bone?

Accepted Answer

A) The bone matrix is very dense and contains deposits of calcium salts. 
B) The matrix of the bone contains osteoclasts and chondroblasts. 
C) Narrow channels pass through the matrix to allow for muscle attachment. 
D) The matrix of bone is mostly collagen with very little calcium. 
E) For strength,compact bone is organized into a meshwork of matrix called trabeculae. 
A) The bone matrix is very dense and contains deposits of calcium salts. 
B) The matrix of the bone contains osteoclasts and chondroblasts. 
C) Narrow channels pass through the matrix to allow for muscle attachment. 
D) The matrix of bone is mostly collagen with very little calcium. 
E) For strength,compact bone is organized into a meshwork of matrix called trabeculae.

Question 7

Figure 6-2 Endochondral Ossification
Use Figure 6-2 to answer the following question(s):
-What process is shown at #6?

Accepted Answer

A) primary ossification 
B) secondary ossification 
C) length growth 
D) width growth 
E) fracture repair 
A) primary ossification 
B) secondary ossification 
C) length growth 
D) width growth 
E) fracture repair

Question 8

Mary is 50 years old and has entered menopause.During a checkup,a bone scan reveals the beginnings of osteoporosis.Her physician suggests hormone therapy.What hormone might she prescribe for Mary?

Accepted Answer

A) thyroid hormone 
B) growth hormone 
C) estrogen 
D) parathyroid hormone 
E) calcitonin 
A) thyroid hormone 
B) growth hormone 
C) estrogen 
D) parathyroid hormone 
E) calcitonin

Question 9

The fracture of vertebrae subjected to extreme vertical stress is called a________ fracture.

Accepted Answer

A) comminuted 
B) greenstick 
C) compression 
D) transverse 
E) spiral 
A) comminuted 
B) greenstick 
C) compression 
D) transverse 
E) spiral

Question 10

When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone,

Accepted Answer

A) puberty begins. 
B) interstitial bone growth begins. 
C) appositional bone growth begins. 
D) long bones have reached their adult length. 
E) the bone becomes more brittle. 
A) puberty begins. 
B) interstitial bone growth begins. 
C) appositional bone growth begins. 
D) long bones have reached their adult length. 
E) the bone becomes more brittle.

Question 11

Intramembranous ossification begins with differentiation of ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A) osteoclast 
B) osteolytic 
C) mesenchymal 
D) osteoblast 
E) osteocyte 
A) osteoclast 
B) osteolytic 
C) mesenchymal 
D) osteoblast 
E) osteocyte

Question 12

Bone tissue formation begins when osteoblasts secrete

Accepted Answer

A) protein fibers. 
B) mesenchyme. 
C) silica. 
D) hydroxyapatite. 
E) calcium. 
A) protein fibers. 
B) mesenchyme. 
C) silica. 
D) hydroxyapatite. 
E) calcium.

Question 13

A(n)________,or closed,fracture does not break the skin.

Accepted Answer

A) plain 
B) internal 
C) simple 
D) contained 
E) common 
A) plain 
B) internal 
C) simple 
D) contained 
E) common

Question 14

________ fibers are stronger than steel when stretched.

Accepted Answer

A) Calcium 
B) Mineral 
C) Elastic 
D) Carbon 
E) Collagen 
A) Calcium 
B) Mineral 
C) Elastic 
D) Carbon 
E) Collagen

Question 15

Figure 6-1 The Structure of Compact Bone
Use Figure 6-1 to answer the following questions:
-Which structure is called an osteon?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 16

Accelerated closure of the epiphyseal plates could be caused by

Accepted Answer

A) high levels of vitamin D. 
B) too much calcium in the diet. 
C) elevated levels of estrogen. 
D) too little thyroxine. 
E) an excess of growth hormone. 
A) high levels of vitamin D. 
B) too much calcium in the diet. 
C) elevated levels of estrogen. 
D) too little thyroxine. 
E) an excess of growth hormone.

Question 17

How would removing hydroxyapatite from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?

Accepted Answer

A) The bone would be less flexible. 
B) The bone would be stronger. 
C) The bone would be more brittle. 
D) The bone would be more flexible. 
E) The bone would be less compressible. 
A) The bone would be less flexible. 
B) The bone would be stronger. 
C) The bone would be more brittle. 
D) The bone would be more flexible. 
E) The bone would be less compressible.

Question 18

The condition known as osteopenia

Accepted Answer

A) affects mostly women. 
B) causes a gradual reduction in bone mass. 
C) is caused by too much vitamin D in the diet. 
D) is rarely seen as people age. 
E) only affects the femur. 
A) affects mostly women. 
B) causes a gradual reduction in bone mass. 
C) is caused by too much vitamin D in the diet. 
D) is rarely seen as people age. 
E) only affects the femur.

Question 19

Figure 6-1 The Structure of Compact Bone
Use Figure 6-1 to answer the following questions:
-Which structure is characteristic of spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 20

________ hormones stimulate osteoblasts to produce bone matrix.

Accepted Answer

A) Sex 
B) Growth 
C) Thyroid 
D) Parathyroid 
E) Pancreatic 
A) Sex 
B) Growth 
C) Thyroid 
D) Parathyroid 
E) Pancreatic

Exam 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

How is vitamin D (vitamin D₃)related to calcium homeostasis in bone?

Cells that are found in small depressions on the endosteal surfaces are the

________ prevents damaging bone-to-bone contact within movable joints.

While on a school skiing trip in Colorado,Heidi falls and breaks her tibia and fibula in a Pott's fracture.What would you expect as a prominent part of her clinical assessment several hours after the fall?

What is osteopenia? Name and define two forms of osteopenia.

Which of the following is a characteristic of bone?

Figure 6-2 Endochondral Ossification Use Figure 6-2 to answer the following question(s): -What process is shown at #6?

Mary is 50 years old and has entered menopause.During a checkup,a bone scan reveals the beginnings of osteoporosis.Her physician suggests hormone therapy.What hormone might she prescribe for Mary?

The fracture of vertebrae subjected to extreme vertical stress is called a________ fracture.

When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone,

Intramembranous ossification begins with differentiation of ________ cells.

Bone tissue formation begins when osteoblasts secrete

A(n)________,or closed,fracture does not break the skin.

________ fibers are stronger than steel when stretched.

Figure 6-1 The Structure of Compact Bone Use Figure 6-1 to answer the following questions: -Which structure is called an osteon?

Accelerated closure of the epiphyseal plates could be caused by

How would removing hydroxyapatite from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?

The condition known as osteopenia

Figure 6-1 The Structure of Compact Bone Use Figure 6-1 to answer the following questions: -Which structure is characteristic of spongy bone?

________ hormones stimulate osteoblasts to produce bone matrix.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters