Question 1

The hormone calcitonin functions to

Accepted Answer

A) stimulate osteoclast activity. 
B) decrease the rate of calcium excretion. 
C) decrease the rate of calcium absorption. 
D) decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood. 
E) stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts. 
A) stimulate osteoclast activity. 
B) decrease the rate of calcium excretion. 
C) decrease the rate of calcium absorption. 
D) decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood. 
E) stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts.

Question 2

A ________ fracture is produced by twisting stresses applied to the bone.

Accepted Answer

A) comminuted 
B) greenstick 
C) compression 
D) transverse 
E) spiral 
A) comminuted 
B) greenstick 
C) compression 
D) transverse 
E) spiral

Question 3

Bone plays a central role in the regulation of blood levels of

Accepted Answer

A) potassium. 
B) iron. 
C) sulfate. 
D) calcium. 
E) sodium. 
A) potassium. 
B) iron. 
C) sulfate. 
D) calcium. 
E) sodium.

Question 4

________ cells are located in the inner cellular layer of the periosteum.

Accepted Answer

A) Osteocyte 
B) Osteoclast 
C) Osteoid 
D) Osteoprogenitor 
E) Osteolytic 
A) Osteocyte 
B) Osteoclast 
C) Osteoid 
D) Osteoprogenitor 
E) Osteolytic

Question 5

The interconnecting tiny arches of bone tissue found in spongy bone are called

Accepted Answer

A) osteons. 
B) trabeculae. 
C) concentric lamellae. 
D) interstitial lamellae. 
E) lacunae. 
A) osteons. 
B) trabeculae. 
C) concentric lamellae. 
D) interstitial lamellae. 
E) lacunae.

Question 6

A transverse fracture of the wrist that may be comminuted is called a ________ fracture.

Accepted Answer

A) Pott's 
B) Long's 
C) tarsal 
D) common 
E) Colles 
A) Pott's 
B) Long's 
C) tarsal 
D) common 
E) Colles

Question 7

Todd is 13 and lives in an urban apartment.He spends most of his time watching TV and eating "junk" food.One afternoon,during recess,he falls on the playground and breaks his leg.Although he appears to be healthy,his leg takes longer to heal than expected.What might be the cause of the longer healing time?

Accepted Answer

Assuming that there is no other disease

Question 8

Where in the body does the production of precursors for the synthesis of calcitriol occur?

Accepted Answer

A) bone 
B) kidneys 
C) small intestine 
D) liver 
E) skin 
A) bone 
B) kidneys 
C) small intestine 
D) liver 
E) skin

Question 9

The type of bone that is adapted to withstand stresses that arrive from many directions is ________ bone.

Accepted Answer

A) spongy 
B) osteon 
C) compact 
D) lamellar 
E) irregular 
A) spongy 
B) osteon 
C) compact 
D) lamellar 
E) irregular

Question 10

A small rough bump on bone where a tendon attaches is called a

Accepted Answer

A) tubercle. 
B) trochanter. 
C) trochlea. 
D) tuberosity. 
E) trabecula. 
A) tubercle. 
B) trochanter. 
C) trochlea. 
D) tuberosity. 
E) trabecula.

Question 11

Through the action of osteoclasts,

Accepted Answer

A) new bone is formed. 
B) an organic framework is formed. 
C) bony matrix is dissolved. 
D) osteoid is calcified. 
E) fractured bones regenerate. 
A) new bone is formed. 
B) an organic framework is formed. 
C) bony matrix is dissolved. 
D) osteoid is calcified. 
E) fractured bones regenerate.

Question 12

Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

A) roof of the skull 
B) carpal bones 
C) femur 
D) clavicle 
E) the roof of the skull and the clavicle 
A) roof of the skull 
B) carpal bones 
C) femur 
D) clavicle 
E) the roof of the skull and the clavicle

Question 13

Adipose tissue is stored within the

Accepted Answer

A) medullary cavity. 
B) metaphysis. 
C) spongy bone. 
D) epiphysis. 
E) diaphysis. 
A) medullary cavity. 
B) metaphysis. 
C) spongy bone. 
D) epiphysis. 
E) diaphysis.

Question 14

The expanded articular end of an epiphysis that is separated from the shaft by a narrower neck is called a

Accepted Answer

A) head. 
B) crown. 
C) capitulum. 
D) corona. 
E) bulb. 
A) head. 
B) crown. 
C) capitulum. 
D) corona. 
E) bulb.

Question 15

Excessive growth hormone prior to puberty could result in

Accepted Answer

A) osteoporosis. 
B) osteopenia. 
C) rickets. 
D) gigantism. 
E) dwarfism. 
A) osteoporosis. 
B) osteopenia. 
C) rickets. 
D) gigantism. 
E) dwarfism.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about Marfan's syndrome is false?

Accepted Answer

A) It results in short,stubby fingers. 
B) It results from a mutation. 
C) It affects connective tissue structures. 
D) It affects epiphyseal cartilages. 
E) It may also cause cardiovascular problems. 
A) It results in short,stubby fingers. 
B) It results from a mutation. 
C) It affects connective tissue structures. 
D) It affects epiphyseal cartilages. 
E) It may also cause cardiovascular problems.

Question 17

When stress is applied to a bone,

Accepted Answer

A) the minerals in the bone produce a weak electrical field that attracts osteoblasts. 
B) osteoclast activity increases and osteoblast activity decreases. 
C) the bone becomes thin and brittle and ultimately fractures. 
D) the bone compensates by becoming thinner in the region of stress. 
E) blood supply through the nutrient artery diminishes and thus remodeling proceeds at a much slower rate. 
A) the minerals in the bone produce a weak electrical field that attracts osteoblasts. 
B) osteoclast activity increases and osteoblast activity decreases. 
C) the bone becomes thin and brittle and ultimately fractures. 
D) the bone compensates by becoming thinner in the region of stress. 
E) blood supply through the nutrient artery diminishes and thus remodeling proceeds at a much slower rate.

Question 18

The central canal of an osteon contains

Accepted Answer

A) bone marrow. 
B) osteocytes. 
C) concentric lamellae. 
D) blood vessels. 
E) lacunae. 
A) bone marrow. 
B) osteocytes. 
C) concentric lamellae. 
D) blood vessels. 
E) lacunae.

Question 19

The space occupied by an osteocyte is called

Accepted Answer

A) Volkmann's canal. 
B) a lacuna. 
C) a trabecula. 
D) a Haversian canal. 
E) a canaliculus. 
A) Volkmann's canal. 
B) a lacuna. 
C) a trabecula. 
D) a Haversian canal. 
E) a canaliculus.

Question 20

Aging has what effect on the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

A) progressive loss of processes and tuberosities 
B) fusion of joints,especially in the vertebral column 
C) loss of calcium and collagen fibers from matrix 
D) increase in the number of cranial foramina 
E) increase in adipose tissue in epiphyses 
A) progressive loss of processes and tuberosities 
B) fusion of joints,especially in the vertebral column 
C) loss of calcium and collagen fibers from matrix 
D) increase in the number of cranial foramina 
E) increase in adipose tissue in epiphyses

Exam 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The hormone calcitonin functions to

A ________ fracture is produced by twisting stresses applied to the bone.

Bone plays a central role in the regulation of blood levels of

________ cells are located in the inner cellular layer of the periosteum.

The interconnecting tiny arches of bone tissue found in spongy bone are called

A transverse fracture of the wrist that may be comminuted is called a ________ fracture.

Where in the body does the production of precursors for the synthesis of calcitriol occur?

The type of bone that is adapted to withstand stresses that arrive from many directions is ________ bone.

A small rough bump on bone where a tendon attaches is called a

Through the action of osteoclasts,

Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification?

Adipose tissue is stored within the

The expanded articular end of an epiphysis that is separated from the shaft by a narrower neck is called a

Excessive growth hormone prior to puberty could result in

Which of the following statements about Marfan's syndrome is false?

When stress is applied to a bone,

The central canal of an osteon contains

The space occupied by an osteocyte is called

Aging has what effect on the skeletal system?

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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