Question 1

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the lowest degree of association between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  +.40 
B)  +.15 
C)  -.50 
D)  -.75 
A)  +.40 
B)  +.15 
C)  -.50 
D)  -.75

Question 2

Timmy's mom thinks that once he is on Ritalin,he will show much improvement.What is one area that Timmy is not likely to improve?

Accepted Answer

A)  concentration 
B)  relationships with his peers 
C)  getting out of his seat in school 
D)  hyperactivity 
A)  concentration 
B)  relationships with his peers 
C)  getting out of his seat in school 
D)  hyperactivity

Question 3

What is the procedure where neither the subject nor the experimenter knows which group is receiving which treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  double-blind procedure 
B)  single-blind procedure 
C)  random selection 
D)  random assignment 
A)  double-blind procedure 
B)  single-blind procedure 
C)  random selection 
D)  random assignment

Question 4

The dependent variable is the treatment that the researcher is manipulating.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Since Ritalin does not cure ADHD,what should parents be most concerned about in managing their child's disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  consistency in taking Ritalin even when the child seems to be doing better 
B)  developing behavioral programs such as setting goals and establishing rules 
C)  giving the same opportunities for intellectual growth as they would to a child who does not have ADHD 
D)  providing psychoanalysis to the child on weekly basis 
A)  consistency in taking Ritalin even when the child seems to be doing better 
B)  developing behavioral programs such as setting goals and establishing rules 
C)  giving the same opportunities for intellectual growth as they would to a child who does not have ADHD 
D)  providing psychoanalysis to the child on weekly basis

Question 6

If a researcher wanted to identify cause-and-effect relationships,an experiment would be the most appropriate method.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Shyla conducted an experiment.She went to the student union and asked people if they would like to be subjects in her study.She decided to ask only those people who smiled at her.Is this an appropriate way to select subjects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes-since these individuals smiled and are likely to be cooperative 
B)  Yes-the student union has a diverse group of people 
C)  No-it is not random selection 
D)  No-Shyla failed to assign her subjects to groups first 
A)  Yes-since these individuals smiled and are likely to be cooperative 
B)  Yes-the student union has a diverse group of people 
C)  No-it is not random selection 
D)  No-Shyla failed to assign her subjects to groups first

Question 8

Johannah is studying ADHD and has asked the mothers of ADHD children how diet has affected their children's symptoms.According to the textbook,what response is Johannah most likely to get from the mothers?

Accepted Answer

A)  when children were given diets with high levels of sodium their hyperactivity worsened 
B)  the children's symptoms increased when they consumed an artificial sweetener 
C)  the symptoms decreased when the diet is low in protein 
D)  low-calorie diets decrease the symptoms of the disorder 
A)  when children were given diets with high levels of sodium their hyperactivity worsened 
B)  the children's symptoms increased when they consumed an artificial sweetener 
C)  the symptoms decreased when the diet is low in protein 
D)  low-calorie diets decrease the symptoms of the disorder

Question 9

Professor Chapin is conducting research on the relationship between headache medication and the amount of pain reduction that is experienced by his participants.He expects that the medication will be very effective,and lo and behold he finds that it is a highly effective drug! Which of the following might have been a problem for Professor Chapin's experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  random assignment 
B)  demand characteristics 
C)  the self-fulfilling prophecy 
D)  experimenter bias 
A)  random assignment 
B)  demand characteristics 
C)  the self-fulfilling prophecy 
D)  experimenter bias

Question 10

To determine cause-and-effect relationships,you are best advised to conduct a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation 
B)  experiment 
C)  case study 
D)  interview 
A)  correlation 
B)  experiment 
C)  case study 
D)  interview

Question 11

A psychologist has finally decided to use deception in her research on cigarette smoking.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  If deception is not used, subjects might not be willing to participate. 
B)  Prior research in this area has always used deception. 
C)  She realizes that she is more likely to get financial support for her project. 
D)  There are no other reasonable methods to conduct her research. 
A)  If deception is not used, subjects might not be willing to participate. 
B)  Prior research in this area has always used deception. 
C)  She realizes that she is more likely to get financial support for her project. 
D)  There are no other reasonable methods to conduct her research.

Question 12

The scientific method attempts to:

Accepted Answer

A)  propose theoretical ideas to answer questions 
B)  minimize errors and bias in gathering information and answering questions 
C)  promote common sense understanding 
D)  dispute common sense by forcing scientists to do experiments 
A)  propose theoretical ideas to answer questions 
B)  minimize errors and bias in gathering information and answering questions 
C)  promote common sense understanding 
D)  dispute common sense by forcing scientists to do experiments

Question 13

An educated guess about a phenomenon is called a hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What is the most likely thing that a subject in a double-blind procedure would say?

Accepted Answer

A)  "It is a great honor to have been selected for the experimental group." 
B)  "Being in the control group is boring." 
C)  "I have no idea if I am in the experimental or control group and the researcher doesn't know either!" 
D)  "I wonder what group I am in? I suppose I could ask the researcher and she would know." 
A)  "It is a great honor to have been selected for the experimental group." 
B)  "Being in the control group is boring." 
C)  "I have no idea if I am in the experimental or control group and the researcher doesn't know either!" 
D)  "I wonder what group I am in? I suppose I could ask the researcher and she would know."

Question 15

Discuss an advantage and a disadvantage of conducting research using naturalistic observation.

Accepted Answer

One advantage of conducting research usi

Question 16

The experimental group consists of those individuals who receive the treatment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A study of pain cited in Module Two found that subjects who received a placebo:

Accepted Answer

A)  reported greater pain than those who received painkillers 
B)  experienced the release of natural painkillers 
C)  reported greater pain than subjects who were given a substance made from centipedes 
D)  felt more of a dull ache pain rather than a sharp pain 
A)  reported greater pain than those who received painkillers 
B)  experienced the release of natural painkillers 
C)  reported greater pain than subjects who were given a substance made from centipedes 
D)  felt more of a dull ache pain rather than a sharp pain

Question 18

The difference between the behaviors of the subjects in the experimental group and the subjects in the control group is likely due to any of these EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the independent variable 
B)  error 
C)  chance occurrence 
D)  the dependent variable 
A)  the independent variable 
B)  error 
C)  chance occurrence 
D)  the dependent variable

Question 19

According to the textbook,which of the following groups has the highest incidence of ADHD?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asian-American girls 
B)  Hispanic-American boys 
C)  Native-American boys 
D)  African-American boys 
A)  Asian-American girls 
B)  Hispanic-American boys 
C)  Native-American boys 
D)  African-American boys

Question 20

Researchers decide for themselves what ethical guidelines to follow.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 2: Psychology and Science

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the lowest degree of association between two variables?

Timmy's mom thinks that once he is on Ritalin,he will show much improvement.What is one area that Timmy is not likely to improve?

What is the procedure where neither the subject nor the experimenter knows which group is receiving which treatment?

The dependent variable is the treatment that the researcher is manipulating.

Since Ritalin does not cure ADHD,what should parents be most concerned about in managing their child's disorder?

If a researcher wanted to identify cause-and-effect relationships,an experiment would be the most appropriate method.

Shyla conducted an experiment.She went to the student union and asked people if they would like to be subjects in her study.She decided to ask only those people who smiled at her.Is this an appropriate way to select subjects?

Johannah is studying ADHD and has asked the mothers of ADHD children how diet has affected their children's symptoms.According to the textbook,what response is Johannah most likely to get from the mothers?

To determine cause-and-effect relationships,you are best advised to conduct a(n):

A psychologist has finally decided to use deception in her research on cigarette smoking.Why?

The scientific method attempts to:

An educated guess about a phenomenon is called a hypothesis.

What is the most likely thing that a subject in a double-blind procedure would say?

Discuss an advantage and a disadvantage of conducting research using naturalistic observation.

The experimental group consists of those individuals who receive the treatment.

A study of pain cited in Module Two found that subjects who received a placebo:

The difference between the behaviors of the subjects in the experimental group and the subjects in the control group is likely due to any of these EXCEPT:

According to the textbook,which of the following groups has the highest incidence of ADHD?

Researchers decide for themselves what ethical guidelines to follow.

Discovering Psychology

Brains Building Blocks

Incredible Nervous System

Sensation

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Hypnosis and Drugs

Classical Conditioning

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Types of Memory

Remembering and Forgetting

Intelligence

Thought and Language

Motivation

Emotion

Infancy Childhood

Infancy Childhood Part II

Adolescence and Adulthood

Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Theories

Social and Cognitive and Trait Theories

Health,stress and Coping

Assessment and Anxiety Disorders

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

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Social Psychology

Extenssion: Social Cognition and Behavior

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