Question 1

If you believe that you have control over situations and rewards,you possess:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-efficacy 
B)  an internal locus of control 
C)  an external locus of control 
D)  self-focused control 
A)  self-efficacy 
B)  an internal locus of control 
C)  an external locus of control 
D)  self-focused control B

Question 2

Some companies that use personality tests claim that it has real benefits,such as decreases in:

Accepted Answer

A)  liability lawsuits 
B)  absenteeism 
C)  quantum personality change in employees 
D)  health insurance payments 
A)  liability lawsuits 
B)  absenteeism 
C)  quantum personality change in employees 
D)  health insurance payments B

Question 3

Present an example to show the interaction between cognitive-personal factors,behaviors,and environmental factors.

Accepted Answer

One example of the interaction between cognitive-personal factors, behaviors, and environmental factors is the concept of social anxiety.

Cognitive-personal factors such as low self-esteem, negative self-beliefs, and a fear of judgment can contribute to the development of social anxiety. These internal factors can lead to behaviors such as avoiding social situations, speaking less in group settings, or experiencing physical symptoms of anxiety such as sweating or trembling.

Environmental factors such as a lack of social support, experiences of bullying or rejection, or high-pressure social environments can also contribute to the development or exacerbation of social anxiety.

In this example, the cognitive-personal factors interact with the environmental factors to influence behaviors. For instance, a person with low self-esteem and a fear of judgment may avoid social situations where they feel they will be evaluated, which in turn reinforces their anxiety and perpetuates the cycle.

Understanding the interaction between these factors is important for developing effective interventions for social anxiety, as it highlights the need to address both the internal cognitive-personal factors and the external environmental factors in order to promote behavior change and reduce anxiety.

Question 4

Personality appears to be influenced by several factors.Of the following lists,which one correctly orders the factors contributing to personality (from most to least):

Accepted Answer

A)  error, genetic factors, nonshared environmental factors, shared environmental factors 
B)  genetic factors, shared environmental factors, nonshared environmental factors, error 
C)  shared environmental factors, genetic factors, nonshared environmental factors, error 
D)  genetic factors, nonshared environmental factors, error, shared environmental factors 
A)  error, genetic factors, nonshared environmental factors, shared environmental factors 
B)  genetic factors, shared environmental factors, nonshared environmental factors, error 
C)  shared environmental factors, genetic factors, nonshared environmental factors, error 
D)  genetic factors, nonshared environmental factors, error, shared environmental factors

Question 5

What is heritability? What is the heritability of IQ,mental disorders,and personality?

Accepted Answer

Heritability is a statistical measure us

Question 6

Ellen's expectation that other people will treat her fairly is an example of what Bandura called:

Accepted Answer

A)  paradigms 
B)  traits 
C)  cognitive factors 
D)  environmental influences 
A)  paradigms 
B)  traits 
C)  cognitive factors 
D)  environmental influences

Question 7

From the trait theory perspective,how could you improve the accuracy in predicting behaviors across situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  define the subject's phenomenological experience more exactly 
B)  decrease the number of judges making the prediction 
C)  increase the number of observations in many different situations 
D)  measure the behavior in a few situations 
A)  define the subject's phenomenological experience more exactly 
B)  decrease the number of judges making the prediction 
C)  increase the number of observations in many different situations 
D)  measure the behavior in a few situations

Question 8

Trent always expects to fail.Whenever he tries something new he expects to fail.But most of the time,he actually does very well.He has a hard time trying to remember all of the success he has.The social cognitive theory would suggest that his ____ influence(s)the way he interprets his past accomplishments.

Accepted Answer

A)  schemas 
B)  situational factors 
C)  intelligence 
D)  cognitive factors 
A)  schemas 
B)  situational factors 
C)  intelligence 
D)  cognitive factors

Question 9

The example of Jerry Sandusky's public exposure for child sexual abuse use best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  the role the Big Five play in personality 
B)  the difference between an internal and external locus of control 
C)  how people behave differently in different situations 
D)  how we learn by observation 
A)  the role the Big Five play in personality 
B)  the difference between an internal and external locus of control 
C)  how people behave differently in different situations 
D)  how we learn by observation

Question 10

In reviewing the humanistic theory of personality,select the word that does not match the theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-actualization 
B)  holistic view 
C)  hierarchy of needs 
D)  Big Five 
A)  self-actualization 
B)  holistic view 
C)  hierarchy of needs 
D)  Big Five

Question 11

Officer Taylor is a 20-year veteran of the police department.If he is typical of male police officers,his traits would include:

Accepted Answer

A)  diplomacy 
B)  sympathy 
C)  assertiveness 
D)  compassion 
A)  diplomacy 
B)  sympathy 
C)  assertiveness 
D)  compassion

Question 12

If you are applying for a job and are required to take a personality test,the best advice for you is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  be honest 
B)  be skeptical, since personality tests do not have good reliability or validity 
C)  decline to take it, claiming that it is an invasion of privacy 
D)  figure out what kind of answers they want and give it to them 
A)  be honest 
B)  be skeptical, since personality tests do not have good reliability or validity 
C)  decline to take it, claiming that it is an invasion of privacy 
D)  figure out what kind of answers they want and give it to them

Question 13

Jeremy is very outgoing.He enjoys taking risks and being involved in any social activities.He prefers to be with people and dislikes jobs where he has to work alone.Jeremy would be classified being high on the ______ factor of the Big Five model.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroticism 
B)  openness 
C)  extraversion 
D)  antagonism 
A)  neuroticism 
B)  openness 
C)  extraversion 
D)  antagonism

Question 14

Children who can delay gratification tend to be more intelligent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In the 1930s,Gordon Allport found ____ traits in the dictionary.

Accepted Answer

A)  4,500 
B)  7,500 
C)  10,000 
D)  11,750 
A)  4,500 
B)  7,500 
C)  10,000 
D)  11,750

Question 16

An advantage of the social cognitive approach is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it does consider the importance of unconscious motives 
B)  it has integrated more influential factors than other theories 
C)  childhood experiences are examined 
D)  it is based primarily upon the clinical experiences of Albert Bandura 
A)  it does consider the importance of unconscious motives 
B)  it has integrated more influential factors than other theories 
C)  childhood experiences are examined 
D)  it is based primarily upon the clinical experiences of Albert Bandura

Question 17

In reviewing the social cognitive theory of personality,select the word that does not match the theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-efficacy 
B)  delay of gratification 
C)  id 
D)  observational learning 
A)  self-efficacy 
B)  delay of gratification 
C)  id 
D)  observational learning

Question 18

A new television show is watched by millions of teenagers.Parents and teachers have noticed that teenagers are imitating the dress and the language of this television show.Bandura would use the factor of ____ to explain this phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-analysis 
B)  self-actualization 
C)  observational learning 
D)  locus of control 
A)  self-analysis 
B)  self-actualization 
C)  observational learning 
D)  locus of control

Question 19

In social cognitive theory,beliefs,expectations,values,intentions,and social roles are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive factors 
B)  dispositional factors 
C)  personal factors 
D)  traits 
A)  cognitive factors 
B)  dispositional factors 
C)  personal factors 
D)  traits

Question 20

Professor Freudson,an avid advocate for the Freudian perspective,has criticized objective tests of personality.What is his criticism?

Accepted Answer

A)  They cannot predict behaviors in specific situations. 
B)  They may not measure unconscious personality factors. 
C)  They are not useful in identifying personality differences. 
D)  They have low reliability and validity. 
A)  They cannot predict behaviors in specific situations. 
B)  They may not measure unconscious personality factors. 
C)  They are not useful in identifying personality differences. 
D)  They have low reliability and validity.

Exam 20: Social and Cognitive and Trait Theories

If you believe that you have control over situations and rewards,you possess:

Some companies that use personality tests claim that it has real benefits,such as decreases in:

Present an example to show the interaction between cognitive-personal factors,behaviors,and environmental factors.

Personality appears to be influenced by several factors.Of the following lists,which one correctly orders the factors contributing to personality (from most to least):

What is heritability? What is the heritability of IQ,mental disorders,and personality?

Ellen's expectation that other people will treat her fairly is an example of what Bandura called:

From the trait theory perspective,how could you improve the accuracy in predicting behaviors across situations?

The example of Jerry Sandusky's public exposure for child sexual abuse use best illustrates:

In reviewing the humanistic theory of personality,select the word that does not match the theory.

Officer Taylor is a 20-year veteran of the police department.If he is typical of male police officers,his traits would include:

If you are applying for a job and are required to take a personality test,the best advice for you is to:

Jeremy is very outgoing.He enjoys taking risks and being involved in any social activities.He prefers to be with people and dislikes jobs where he has to work alone.Jeremy would be classified being high on the ______ factor of the Big Five model.

Children who can delay gratification tend to be more intelligent.

In the 1930s,Gordon Allport found ____ traits in the dictionary.

An advantage of the social cognitive approach is that:

In reviewing the social cognitive theory of personality,select the word that does not match the theory.

A new television show is watched by millions of teenagers.Parents and teachers have noticed that teenagers are imitating the dress and the language of this television show.Bandura would use the factor of ____ to explain this phenomenon.

In social cognitive theory,beliefs,expectations,values,intentions,and social roles are known as:

Professor Freudson,an avid advocate for the Freudian perspective,has criticized objective tests of personality.What is his criticism?

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