Question 1

____ are genetic changes that result in new phenotypes that can be harmful or even fatal.

Accepted Answer

A) Selective breedings 
B) Polygenic traits 
C) Adoption designs 
D) Mutations 
A) Selective breedings 
B) Polygenic traits 
C) Adoption designs 
D) Mutations

Question 2

Which of these is LEAST characteristic of children with Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) Protruding tongue 
B) Short, stubby arms 
C) Round-shaped eyes 
D) Heart defects 
A) Protruding tongue 
B) Short, stubby arms 
C) Round-shaped eyes 
D) Heart defects

Question 3

Suppose that it is customary in Boogravia for parents of identical twins to treat them exactly alike: same diet, same clothes, same school, same parental attention, etc. On a measure of self-awareness, the correlation for identical twins reared together is strong: r = +0.99. The measure of nonshared environmental influences (NSE) will be

Accepted Answer

A) very low; NSE = +0.01. 
B) low: NSE = +0.10. 
C) moderate: NSE = +0.50. 
D) high: NSE = +0.80. 
A) very low; NSE = +0.01. 
B) low: NSE = +0.10. 
C) moderate: NSE = +0.50. 
D) high: NSE = +0.80.

Question 4

The variation of a trait that results from hereditary influence is called

Accepted Answer

A) codominance. 
B) heritability. 
C) bionatural determinism. 
D) empathic concern. 
A) codominance. 
B) heritability. 
C) bionatural determinism. 
D) empathic concern.

Question 5

The ____ prenatal diagnostic technique is especially suitable and safe for detecting multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.).

Accepted Answer

A) amniocentesis 
B) chorionic villus sampling 
C) ultrasound imaging 
D) pedigree analysis 
A) amniocentesis 
B) chorionic villus sampling 
C) ultrasound imaging 
D) pedigree analysis

Question 6

Researchers now believe that the aspects of the environment that contribute most to the development of personality are

Accepted Answer

A) family members. 
B) shared environmental influences. 
C) peers. 
D) nonshared environmental influences. 
A) family members. 
B) shared environmental influences. 
C) peers. 
D) nonshared environmental influences.

Question 7

Children born with a noticeable genetic defect (e.g., harelip) are changed by the defect and by the reactions of others who notice it. This is a(n) ____ genotype/environment correlation.

Accepted Answer

A) active (niche-building) 
B) recessive 
C) passive 
D) evocative 
A) active (niche-building) 
B) recessive 
C) passive 
D) evocative

Question 8

One's ____ develops most directly from inheritance.

Accepted Answer

A) concordance rate 
B) genotype 
C) phenotype 
D) nonshared environmental influence (NS
E)  
A) concordance rate 
B) genotype 
C) phenotype 
D) nonshared environmental influence (NS
E)

Question 9

CRITICAL PERIOD is to SENSITIVE PERIOD as ____ is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) WARMTH :: COLD 
B) ABRUPT :: GRADUAL 
C) PARENT :: OFFSPRING 
D) DEMOCRAT :: REPUBLICAN 
A) WARMTH :: COLD 
B) ABRUPT :: GRADUAL 
C) PARENT :: OFFSPRING 
D) DEMOCRAT :: REPUBLICAN

Question 10

Use genotype/environment correlations to explain why identical twins are likely to show a high similarity to one another, even when they are raised in different home environments.

Accepted Answer

Genotype/environment correlations refer

Question 11

Ethologists emphasize ____ among individuals' development, while behavioral learning theorists emphasize ____.

Accepted Answer

A) quickened speed; accuracy 
B) variations; consistencies 
C) experiential effects; biological maturation 
D) similarities; differences 
A) quickened speed; accuracy 
B) variations; consistencies 
C) experiential effects; biological maturation 
D) similarities; differences

Question 12

As fraternal twins mature from age three to 15, their IQ correlations tend to

Accepted Answer

A) remain consistently near zero. 
B) remain stable and very high. 
C) increase. 
D) decrease. 
A) remain consistently near zero. 
B) remain stable and very high. 
C) increase. 
D) decrease.

Question 13

In family studies of heritability, the portion of group variability that is NOT attributed to heritability is attributed instead to

Accepted Answer

A) the individual's personal volition (intentions). 
B) random unsystematic variations. 
C) unknown psychical forces. 
D) environmental influences. 
A) the individual's personal volition (intentions). 
B) random unsystematic variations. 
C) unknown psychical forces. 
D) environmental influences.

Question 14

Genes have all the following functions EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) guiding the differentiation of cells. 
B) controlling the pace and timing of development. 
C) producing specific amino acids for proteins. 
D) determining the content of what is learned. 
A) guiding the differentiation of cells. 
B) controlling the pace and timing of development. 
C) producing specific amino acids for proteins. 
D) determining the content of what is learned.

Question 15

Scarr and McCartney proposed three ways in which genotypes might influence the environments children experience, producing reciprocal effects on development. Define and give an example of each type of genotype/environment correlation.

Accepted Answer

Passive genotype/environment interaction

Question 16

For which chromosomal condition is the father's sperm always the source of the developmental defect?

Accepted Answer

A) XYY supermale 
B) Down syndrome 
C) Turner's syndrome, XO 
D) Poly-X superfemale 
A) XYY supermale 
B) Down syndrome 
C) Turner's syndrome, XO 
D) Poly-X superfemale

Question 17

Gottesman's range-of-reaction principle suggests that children with various degrees of genetic potential can reach the top limit of their reaction range by

Accepted Answer

A) expanding their own genetic potential. 
B) experiencing a stimulating, enriched environment. 
C) removing any restrictions imposed by canalization. 
D) being informed that others suffer severe hardships. 
A) expanding their own genetic potential. 
B) experiencing a stimulating, enriched environment. 
C) removing any restrictions imposed by canalization. 
D) being informed that others suffer severe hardships.

Question 18

For Huntington's disease,

Accepted Answer

A) the genotype and phenotype are evident from birth. 
B) the genotype is present in the newborn, but the phenotype becomes evident at a later age. 
C) the newborn lacks either the genotype or the phenotype. 
D) the phenotype is present in the newborn but the genotype becomes evident at a later age. 
A) the genotype and phenotype are evident from birth. 
B) the genotype is present in the newborn, but the phenotype becomes evident at a later age. 
C) the newborn lacks either the genotype or the phenotype. 
D) the phenotype is present in the newborn but the genotype becomes evident at a later age.

Question 19

Proponents of modern evolutionary theory argue that preselected, adaptive motives and behaviors are those that

Accepted Answer

A) ensure the survival and spread of the individual's genes. 
B) ensure the survival of the individual. 
C) ensure the formation of emotional ties to caregivers. 
D) encourage the learning of survival techniques. 
A) ensure the survival and spread of the individual's genes. 
B) ensure the survival of the individual. 
C) ensure the formation of emotional ties to caregivers. 
D) encourage the learning of survival techniques.

Question 20

Generally, developmentalists have ____ the impact of the shared family home environment on children's personality development.

Accepted Answer

A) ignored 
B) underestimated 
C) accurately judged 
D) overestimated 
A) ignored 
B) underestimated 
C) accurately judged 
D) overestimated

____ are genetic changes that result in new phenotypes that can be harmful or even fatal.

Which of these is LEAST characteristic of children with Down syndrome?

The variation of a trait that results from hereditary influence is called

The ____ prenatal diagnostic technique is especially suitable and safe for detecting multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.).

Researchers now believe that the aspects of the environment that contribute most to the development of personality are

Children born with a noticeable genetic defect (e.g., harelip) are changed by the defect and by the reactions of others who notice it. This is a(n) ____ genotype/environment correlation.

One's ____ develops most directly from inheritance.

CRITICAL PERIOD is to SENSITIVE PERIOD as is to .

Use genotype/environment correlations to explain why identical twins are likely to show a high similarity to one another, even when they are raised in different home environments.

Ethologists emphasize among individuals' development, while behavioral learning theorists emphasize .

As fraternal twins mature from age three to 15, their IQ correlations tend to

In family studies of heritability, the portion of group variability that is NOT attributed to heritability is attributed instead to

Genes have all the following functions EXCEPT

Scarr and McCartney proposed three ways in which genotypes might influence the environments children experience, producing reciprocal effects on development. Define and give an example of each type of genotype/environment correlation.

For which chromosomal condition is the father's sperm always the source of the developmental defect?

Gottesman's range-of-reaction principle suggests that children with various degrees of genetic potential can reach the top limit of their reaction range by

For Huntington's disease,

Proponents of modern evolutionary theory argue that preselected, adaptive motives and behaviors are those that

Generally, developmentalists have ____ the impact of the shared family home environment on children's personality development.

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Prenatal Development and Birth

Infancy

Physical Development: the Brain, the Body, Motor Skills, and Sexual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self-Concept

Sex Differences and Gender-Role Development

Aggression, Altruism, and Moral Development

The Context of Development I: the Family

The Context of Development

Filters

Exam 2: Hereditary Influences on Development

____ are genetic changes that result in new phenotypes that can be harmful or even fatal.

Which of these is LEAST characteristic of children with Down syndrome?

The variation of a trait that results from hereditary influence is called

The ____ prenatal diagnostic technique is especially suitable and safe for detecting multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.).

Researchers now believe that the aspects of the environment that contribute most to the development of personality are

Children born with a noticeable genetic defect (e.g., harelip) are changed by the defect and by the reactions of others who notice it. This is a(n) ____ genotype/environment correlation.

One's ____ develops most directly from inheritance.

CRITICAL PERIOD is to SENSITIVE PERIOD as ____ is to ____.

Use genotype/environment correlations to explain why identical twins are likely to show a high similarity to one another, even when they are raised in different home environments.

Ethologists emphasize ____ among individuals' development, while behavioral learning theorists emphasize ____.

As fraternal twins mature from age three to 15, their IQ correlations tend to

In family studies of heritability, the portion of group variability that is NOT attributed to heritability is attributed instead to

Genes have all the following functions EXCEPT

Scarr and McCartney proposed three ways in which genotypes might influence the environments children experience, producing reciprocal effects on development. Define and give an example of each type of genotype/environment correlation.

For which chromosomal condition is the father's sperm always the source of the developmental defect?

Gottesman's range-of-reaction principle suggests that children with various degrees of genetic potential can reach the top limit of their reaction range by

For Huntington's disease,

Proponents of modern evolutionary theory argue that preselected, adaptive motives and behaviors are those that

Generally, developmentalists have ____ the impact of the shared family home environment on children's personality development.

Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies

Prenatal Development and Birth

Infancy

Physical Development: the Brain, the Body, Motor Skills, and Sexual Development

Cognitive Development: Piagets Theory and Vygotskys Sociocultural Viewpoint

Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives

Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance

Development of Language and Communication Skills

Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment

Development of the Self-Concept

Sex Differences and Gender-Role Development

Aggression, Altruism, and Moral Development

The Context of Development I: the Family

The Context of Development

Filters

CRITICAL PERIOD is to SENSITIVE PERIOD as is to .

Ethologists emphasize among individuals' development, while behavioral learning theorists emphasize .